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林毅夫团队:振兴东北离不开“有为政府有力政策”

2017-09-18 07:11:42   中国经济网

如何培育新动能、厚植新优势?林毅夫团队的思路,就是要从吉林省整体的发展阶段,自然资源、劳动力供给、历史遗留下来的人力资本和物质资本的积累等禀赋结构所决定的潜在比较优势出发。

“吉林省需要以最具竞争力的产业集群来统领经济结构转型升级,充分挖掘经济增长潜力。”林毅夫团队建议,依据吉林省的整体情况、所处的发展阶段以及禀赋结构的维度和层次所决定的比较优势,吉林省现阶段以及未来一段时期可以叠加出五大万亿量级、具有竞争优势的产业集群谱系:大农业、大健康、现代轻纺、现代装备以及以新能源、新材料、新一代信息技术为核心的融合型产业集群。

可以说,这五大万亿量级产业集群的构想,为吉林省未来的经济增长潜力描绘了宏伟蓝图。不过,这剂“药方”引来了不少评论,部分批评者认为东北不该发展现代轻纺工业。

要不要发展现代轻纺,或许是见仁见智的问题。不过,在诸多质疑声中,有关“吉林药方”只谈发展,不谈改革的批评显然站不住脚。林毅夫团队在提出产业集群构想的同时,并没有忽视改革的重要性,而是提出了“必须以产业结构调整为抓手切实推进体制机制改革”。

具体而言,就是要以打造五大产业集群的企业培育平台为抓手,推进国企与“放管服”改革;以打造五大产业集群的招商引资平台为抓手,以园区为突破口推进营商环境改革;以打造五大产业集群的产业引导基金平台为抓手,推进财政金融体制改革;以打造五大产业集群的要素聚集与双创平台为抓手,推进要素市场改革;以打造五大产业集群的宣传推广跨区域合作平台为抓手,推进深化跨区域合作体制改革。

“尽管符合吉林省的潜在比较优势的产业集群比违背比较优势的产业集群更容易落地,但是还是需要各级政府积极有为,帮助市场主体克服瓶颈限制。”林毅夫团队还指出,不同细分产业之间由于特征类型以及约束条件的不同,所要推进的因势利导措施和改革领域与方式方法也不同,泛泛而谈的改革,或以为只要进行体制机制改革,新的产业集群就会自发涌现的想法难以切实有效。

有为政府有效市场并举

在“吉林药方”的讨论中,有些观点对市场和政府“两只手”如何发力的认识存在明显误区。

一些观点虽然看到了东北经济存在“产业空心化”和创新动力不足等问题,但在方法论上简单地把东北问题归结为体制机制问题,甚至错误地认为,激发经济行为主体的积极性,关键在于政策不要扶持,“只要放手,东北自会前行”。

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