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李伟:我国创新要素配置不合理 资金过多流向房地产
2017-09-14 08:11:23 中国经济网
我国是人口大国,人均国民收入已超过上中等国家收入的平均水平,2016年,我国人均国民收入达到8260美元,同年,上中等国家的平均水平为8202美元。这意味着我国潜在的市场需求十分广阔,抓住新技术不断涌现带来的机会,培育新产业,形成发展新动能,具有市场需求方面的优势。与此同时,我国人才总规模全球第一,科研投入全球第二,培育新产业,形成发展新动力,也具有创新能力方面的支撑。但是,也应该看到,面对新技术不断涌现带来的机遇,世界各主要经济体纷纷出台了相关政策,抢占创新制高点。如:美国出台了《美国创新战略》,欧盟提出了《欧洲2020》战略及《创新型联盟》计划。在这种情形下,我们应该以更加积极主动的姿态紧紧抓住机遇,促进新旧动能转换。
第四,加快新旧动能转换,关键要靠创新,而创新需要深化改革。
习近平总书记强调“创新是引领发展的第一动力。抓创新就是抓发展,谋创新就是谋未来”。创新要解决两大方面的问题:一是创新动力和能力方面的问题;二是市场需求方面的问题。这两个方面相互影响、相互促进。没有市场需求,创新的成果将难以转化成现实的生产力,创新也难以持续地推进;没有创新,新的市场需求也难以得到满足。解决这两个方面的问题,最根本的途径要靠全面深化改革。
在创新动力和能力方面,我们还面临不少制约和障碍,如企业受制过多、知识产权保护不力、竞争环境不公平没有足够的创新意愿;还如:创新要素宏观配置不合理,人才因行业间收入差距过大、资本因行业间投资回报格局不合理,而过多流向金融、房地产等行业,使得制造业等实体经济的创新能力提升缓慢,等等。要消除这些矛盾和问题,形成有利于创新动力和能力不断增强的制度环境,必须通过深化改革。一是扎实推进“放管服”改革。要完善新产品、新业态、新技术标准,放宽市场准入,破除制约企业创新的各种制度和政策束缚,给企业留下充分的创新空间,激发企业创新活力。要加强知识产权保护,提高侵权的违法成本,创造良好的创新环境。要为创新成果的涌现和转化,提供良好的公共服务。当然,需要强调的是,在“放”和“服”的同时,监管要同步跟上,要守住该守的“红线”,做到放得下、接得住、管得好。二是优化税收结构,采取强有力的措施,推进实体经济领域的减税降费,提高实体行业利润率,使实体经济的利润与社会平均利润率趋同,引导社会资本更多流向最需要创新的制造业等实体经济领域。三是完善收入分配政策,推广科研成果股权、期权激励政策,提高从事基础性研究和社会公益研究领域的科研人才的劳动报酬,促使优秀人才向创新领域集中。
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