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环保部:正在切实加强臭氧监控、采取治理措施

2017-09-06 19:21:44   中国经济网

从2013年以来74个城市监测数据和2015年以来338个城市监测数据看,我国臭氧平均浓度有所上升,其中京津冀地区呈上升趋势,长三角地区基本稳定,珠三角总体达标。

2016年,全国338个城市臭氧日最大8小时平均浓度为138微克/立方米,71%的城市(239个)臭氧浓度为120—180微克/立方米,接近标准值。338个城市有59个超标,主要分布在京津冀及周边地区、长三角区域等地区。按日评价,338个城市的轻度、中度、重度污染天次比例分别为4.7%、0.4%、0.024%,没有严重污染,更没有出现“爆表”污染。

2017年,受经济回暖、气象条件等因素影响,我国不少地区臭氧浓度有较大幅度上升,预计全年的全国平均浓度、超标城市数量、超标天数比例将有所上升,但超标天次仍然以轻度污染为主。“我国多数城市臭氧浓度总体在缓慢上升,70%左右的城市在标准线附近徘徊。同发达国家一样,我国今年臭氧浓度总体上升属于正常的年际波动。”刘炳江说。

相关研究显示,上世纪五十年代到七十年代,发达国家重点地区夏秋季节臭氧日最高浓度常超过600微克/立方米,发生光化学烟雾事件的时段臭氧浓度可达1200微克/立方米以上,最高值甚至超过2000微克/立方米。

刘炳江表示,当前我国重点区域臭氧污染水平,与美国加州南海岸地区大致相当,全国平均污染水平大致相当于美国十多年前的平均水平,均远远低于发达国家光化学烟雾事件频发时期的历史水平。

随着减排持续推进,可以有效控制臭氧污染

相关研究和实践表明:控制臭氧污染,需要按照一定比例协同削减氮氧化物和挥发性有机物排放,结合各地污染状况、产业特征、经济社会发展水平采取差异化控制策略。

中国工程院院士、清华大学教授贺克斌表示,从全国来看,氮氧化物排放量有所下降,挥发性有机物却不降反升,没有往一个有利于减少臭氧的方向走。氮氧化物和挥发性有机物需要协同控制。

“我国已经将臭氧污染防治纳入大气污染防治工作议事日程。”环保部宣教司巡视员刘友宾说,“十二五”时期,氮氧化物首次被纳入约束性指标,“十三五”时期,挥发性有机物已纳入总量控制范围。目前,环保部已审议并原则通过《“十三五”挥发性有机物污染防治工作方案》,编制修订了石油炼制等14项涉及挥发性有机物的行业排放标准。

“臭氧前体物也是二次颗粒物的前体物。随着PM2.5治理工作深化和氮氧化物、挥发性有机物减排工作持续推进,我国的臭氧可以实现有效控制。”刘炳江说。

臭氧治理是一个长期过程,公众该如何防范呢?刘友宾说,臭氧污染比较容易防范,臭氧的高值出现在夏季晴朗高温天气下的室外光照环境,只要这个时候不在室外长时间、剧烈运动,就可以大幅降低臭氧危害。

“我们每个人不仅要进行健康防护,而且可以积极主动地参加到防治工作中来。”刘炳江说,优先选择降低挥发性有机物排放的产品或服务,比如选购水性漆,给车加油时选择油气回收设施正常、没有汽油味道的加油站等,能为臭氧污染防治提供有力支持。(人民日报中央厨房·蓝蓝天工作室 寇江泽)

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