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挥发性有机物首次纳入交易

2017-09-01 08:15:58   中国青年网

造成夏季臭氧污染的最大元凶——挥发性有机物,今后排放权将执行有偿使用,并可以进行排污权交易。省政府办公厅日前印发《江苏省排污权有偿使用和交易管理暂行办法》(以下简称《办法》),明确化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、总氮、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物等主要污染排放物将实行有偿使用和交易。在实际中如何开展排污权有偿使用?相关部门进行权威解读。

“要排污,必须先获得排污许可;要扩大生产规模、产生新的废水废气排放,那就必须从别人手里购买排放权。”省环保厅相关人士解读说,我省实行排污权有偿使用和交易的污染物,除了化学需氧量、挥发性有机物等7种主要污染物外,设区市可根据控制污染、改善环境质量实际需要,增加实行排污权有偿使用和交易的污染物种类。

《办法》规定,排污权以排污许可证的形式予以确认,排污权数量与核定的许可排放量一致,有效期与排污许可证一致。“产生废气、废水排放的排污单位,需向环保部门提交申请,由环保部门核准初始排放权,核发排污许可证。”省环保厅人士介绍,我省排污权核准工作已经展开,电力、钢铁、化工企业为第一批核发排污权许可的行业,环保部门会根据企业生产量和实际排放,对企业的初始排放量进行核准。排放量核准后,取得排污许可证,企业才有排污权,并缴纳排污费。

排污权交易是指,超出初始排污权以外的废气、废水排放要通过购买获得。排污权交易采用市场公开出让方式或法律法规规定的其他方式。可交易排污权包括:排污单位的富余排污权,但不包括排污单位完成政府下达减排任务形成的富余排污权;排污单位因破产、关停、被取缔及迁出本行政区域,或不再排放实行总量控制的污染物,需出让的排污权;省、设区市、县(市)人民政府储备的排污权。

“买不到排污权,就不能增加排污。”省环保厅相关人士强调,开展排污权交易并不意味着可以无限量排污,而是在排污权总量控制的前提下,购买其他企业富余的排污权或从政府储备库购买,排污权出让量有限。根据在各设区市开展的排污权交易实践,一些企业买不到排污权,新增项目不能立即启动的例子很多。“开展排污权的最终目的是控制全省排污总量,并利用经济杠杆,形成多排污多缴费的循环,通过增加企业排污成本来倒逼企业转型、减少污染排放。”该人士说。

挥发性有机物纳入排污权有偿使用和交易,此次是第一次被正式提出。挥发性有机物是造成臭氧污染的主要元凶,臭氧已成为PM2.5之后,影响空气质量的第二大污染物。江苏是全国第一批排污权有偿使用和交易试点省份。早在2007年,我省就在太湖流域开展主要水污染物排放指标初始有偿使用和交易试点。2015年,试点范围从太湖流域向全省延伸,从水污染物向大气污染物延伸,从排污权有偿使用向交易延伸,在全省范围内开展多笔排污权交易。

目前,我省各地累计征收排污权有偿使用费2.55亿元、实现排污权交易总金额4.23亿元。多地环保部门反馈表示,《办法》将挥发性有机物等污染物纳入有偿使用范围,对控制挥发性有机物排放很有意义。

本报记者 付 奇

本报通讯员 苏环轩

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