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李凌:遵循规律 建设有质量的智库

2017-09-01 07:32:05   中国经济网

一是领军人物的实力。智库的领军人物往往是多面手,既有扎实的学术功底和“T”字形的知识结构,又与政府部门保持着密切联系,还擅于在各种场合营销智库观点。在领军人物的带领下,智库成员形成既有分工又有合作的研究梯队。可以说,领军人物的多寡一定程度上代表着智库研究质量的高低。如何避免因领军人物流失而导致智库建设质量下滑,是摆在中国智库建设者面前的一大挑战。

二是议题设置的能力。议题设置能力反映智库的核心竞争力。关于决策议题,现实中不乏跟随者,附议固然重要,智库的争论与共鸣是推动社会进步的重要力量,然而智库发声贵在先声夺人、以理服人,且需要掌握好时机与分寸。智库要成为新议题、新理念的领跑者,洞悉现实中存在的影响社会发展的“真”问题,这需要过人的智慧与胆识。

三是客户评价的稳定性。客户评价的一致性与可靠性,是衡量智库发展质量的重要标杆。鉴于中国智库大多采用决策咨询的内参模式,从中国特色新型智库思想市场运行特征看,可以说,大部分的智库活动不为外人所知,难以做出全面考察。一种值得探索的方法是直接征求客户意见,并考察决策咨询服务关系的稳定性,这种稳定性是智库思想市场供求双方长期演化博弈的结果,反映了智库的决策影响力,以及智库运用决策影响力介入公共政策制定的广度与深度,当然也构成了完善我国决策咨询体制的现实基础。

四是研究方法的有效性。提升智库发展质量,还需秉承一以贯之的方法论。只有在科学方法的指导下,智库的研究质量才能保持稳定,研究观点也不易被利益集团裹挟。就专业型智库而言,一些常用的研究方法不仅是有效的,而且是必须的。比如,舆情类智库往往采用电话调查、问卷调查和大数据分析的方法;经济类智库的模型库里总有一些定量评估的方法;社会类智库需要协调公共政策的规制者和被规制者等多方利益,多方座谈有助于增进理解和寻求多赢;国际关系类智库时常借鉴策略学和博弈论的方法;防务类智库通常采用沙盘推演的方法。此外,还有田野调查、实地调研等,都是智库常用的有效的研究方法。

五是信息传递的精准性。智库要擅于在恰当的时机把合适的观点传递给正确的人,因势利导、顺势而为。当前有一种观点认为,随着互联网技术的发展,尤其是自媒体的发展,智库应借助互联网科技的力量扩大影响。实际上,巧妙利用互联网传播智库成果,这本无可厚非,但漫无目的地传播不仅达不到预期效果,有时还会起到反作用,甚至造成“重形式传播、轻内容创新”的逆向激励。优秀的智库在成果推介上应注重“精确制导”,用“罚点球”的方式在政策窗口期内一击命中。西方的一些党派智库深谙此道,中国的智库也不妨一试。

(原文来源:经济日报 作者:李 凌 上海社会科学院智库研究中心副主任)

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