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垄断行业价格监管制度化又跨一步

2017-09-01 04:25:55   中国经济网

不过,垄断行业价格监管也是价格改革中最难的一环。“垄断行业体量大,油、气、电等都是国民经济的大块头,其对应的又都是大型央企,要实行成本核算、透明监管的难度很大;这些领域又关乎国计民生,理顺价格机制的难度也很大。”中国国际经济交流中心信息部研究员景春梅说。

在中国人民大学经济学院副院长郑新业看来,许多垄断行业的行业标准也是国家标准,监管者要了解其真实成本的难度很大。由于信息不透明,加大了监管的难度。加之成本监审又是极其专业的领域,目前价格部门人手不够、预算不足、力量单薄。《指导意见》的出台,可以把监管的体制机制明确建立起来,把改革措施固化成制度体系,把改革机制提升为体制。

“对垄断行业实行价格监管的难点,是由‘信息不对称’所导致的成本控制难或效率激励不足问题,这是世界性难题。”国家发改委市场与价格研究所研究员刘树杰说,强化对垄断行业价格的监管,是市场经济中政府的重要职能之一,是价格改革纵深推进的重要内容,也是更好发挥政府作用,实现国家治理体系和能力现代化的应有之义。

理顺政府市场关系

根据《指导意见》,在加强垄断行业价格监管中,必须正确处理政府与市场关系,深化垄断行业价格改革,放开竞争性领域和环节价格。切实转变价格监管的理念、方式、手段,不断完善成本监审制度、价格形成机制,强化成本约束,合理形成价格,增强企业降本增效的内生动力,保障社会公共利益。

“完善的社会主义市场经济体制,既要有市场机制的决定性作用,也要有好的政府监管,二者缺一不可。”刘树杰说,价格监管的核心,是平衡买、卖双方的利益关系,进而实现相关领域的公平、公正,提高资源的配置效率。因此,监管不同于传统的计划管理或经济统制,基于市场经济和法制,监管必须依法依规、公平公正进行。

景春梅指出,厘清政府和市场的边界,就是要针对行业的不同特点、属性,建立不同的竞争机制。比如,自然垄断和竞争性要分开,属于竞争性领域的,就放开给市场,政府不要过多干预;属于自然垄断的,要管好管到位。

事实上,近年来我国在一些领域已经展开了相关的探索。例如,2014年开始试点的输配电价改革中,就是在发电侧和售电侧实行市场开放准入,引入竞争、放开用户选择权;对具有自然垄断属性的输配电网环节则加强监管。

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