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门头沟区域发展:借助生态优势 做好科技文化创新

2017-08-21 10:57:15   中国经济网

●国家发改委城市中心综合交通规划院院长张国华

城市需要转型,要通过新型城市化来主导未来城市发展。在不同的经济条件,不同交通运输条件下,人口在空间上的迁移和产业在空间上的变迁,将是决定我们各个地区发展的基础。

未来门头沟地区的发展,肯定要靠服务业,对于高端生产型服务业来讲,空间接近性更加有价值,服务范围得到延伸。搞服务业对应的交通是什么,就是机场、高铁和轨道。

门头沟是北京过去发展阶段中的边缘性地区,但是无数城市和地区发展经历证明,上一轮竞争优势往往成为下一轮竞争的负资产。

门头沟境内的山、水是过去阻碍其发展的地理障碍,但是今天这些山、水却成为门头沟下一轮发展过程中连接长安街轴线的战略性资源。

不过在发展过程中,我们必须要注意一些问题,其中最为重要的就是注重产业、交通、空间的协同。

当前我们国家未来城市化发展,面临以大城市为中心,还是就近以小城镇战略为主的选择。

根据现有的经济模型分析,当城市规模每扩大一倍、人口规模每扩大一倍,人均生产效率就会提高15%-30%,人均消耗基础设施成本将会降低。我们难以想象,一个一百万人口的城市,怎么跟一千万人口城市竞争。

同样的,在产业发展上,我们过去建立经济学预测模型的时候,总是假设一些条件,认为产业空间明确分布。

但事实上,在今天我们所利用的经济模型中,经济曲线都是线性增长,产业在空间上高度集聚。

当然也要看到,门头沟地区和北京东边、北边相比,还有很多落后之处。但这些落后之处,都是发展空间。

改善生态环境,归还粗放发展的“账”

●北京市社会科学院副院长赵弘

过去门头沟是一个重工业或者煤炭工业为主导的区域。这些年来,门头沟从原来的资源、能源型产业向绿色产业、文化创新类产业转变。2015年第三产业超过了51%,近些年来门头沟区持续改善生态环境,推进永定河、清水河的治理,可以说还了过去粗放式发展的账。

不过,目前门头沟转型有三重压力:首先是其经济转型面临比较大的压力,因为原来粗放式的低端产业退出,新型产品培育需要过程;其次是第三产业导入需要环境,服务水平适应转换艰难;第三是生态环境涵养任务依然很艰巨,因为过去的几十年粗放式开采,造成了很多山体的破坏。

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