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学生“挂科”怎么办?考验高校“严”的智慧

2017-08-19 08:37:18   中国经济网

“立交桥”和学分银行的意义,就是学生的学分达到什么程度就给什么学历。一个博士,如果没有做出研究论文,可以颁发博士课程证书而不是博士学位,承认其博士的学习经历,但也表明他还没达到博士的程度。同样的道理,如果一个本科生达不到本科毕业标准,也可以不否认他的学习经历,而是根据他的学分情况给出专科学历。从这个角度来说,学习跟不上,“本科降专科”,不失为一种有益的尝试。

另一方面,这种政策的意义不仅在于激励学生用功学习,它也让我们看到,一些名牌大学开始注重自己的品牌,关注自己输出的学生的品质,力求让那些取得学历的学生享有社会美誉度。

不过,我认为,这种办法对于高水平大学可能不是很适用,需要尝试更好的办法。

具有缓冲作用的学分制值得考虑

作者:李立国(中国人民大学教育学院副院长)

根据现行的学籍管理规定,正常情况下的本科学生如果在规定时间内完不成学业,就会被劝退。从这个角度来看,如果学生无法完成本科学业,安排其申请专科学业,对学生来说不失为一个“人性化”措施。毕竟只要学生能够在接下来完成专业学习,他们离开校园走上社会时不至于两手空空。

8月12日,在沈阳某高校内读书的学生。光明图片/视觉中国

但是另一方面,我们也需要看到,本科和专科是并存的、不同的两种人才培养模式,在课程设置、学时、培养目标甚至培养方式上都不完全相同。如果只是简单的“本科转为专科”,没有体现出二者的不同,那么具体到一个学生时,就会出现问题:他未能在规定时间里达到本科人才培养的要求,那么是否转到专科就能达到人才培养要求了?成绩不达标,本科转专科,会不会给社会公众带来一个“专科要求不高”的印象?这些还需要在操作层面认真考虑。

我国高等教育实行的是学年制,学生需要在规定时间比如四年内完成本科学业,这对学生来说基本属于一个刚性要求。目前国际上比较常见的本科培养方式是学分制,对学生的学习年限要求比较宽松。比如欧美的一些高校,学生本科四年能够毕业的仅仅有一半,有些高校甚至一半都不到。我们的高等教育在面对这类问题时也不妨考虑学分制,让学生的本科学习时间有一个弹性机制,一旦有学生在学习过程中遇到困难,至少还能有一个缓冲的时间,在较为宽松的环境里争取解决自己的问题。

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