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“共享停车”考验公共部门协调智慧

2017-08-18 09:55:31   国际在线

共享停车的实质是引入互联网技术,对既有停车资源进行高效整合,是“互联网+公共服务”的一种延伸。有了市场化平台的参与,这个事不必完全由政府部门来“包办”,而可以让第三方互联网企业发挥主导作用,公共部门负责做好利益协调与规则的制定。

继网络约车、共享单车、共享汽车之后,“共享停车”也来了。近来,北京、上海、广州等城市在各自的地方停车管理条例或规定中提出,鼓励发展“共享停车”模式,允许一些单位或个人将专有停车位对外开放,并通过移动互联网平台进行分时出租,既增加收益,也方便他人。业界人士认为,这一新模式要想发展壮大,需要政府和社会进行多方统筹。

城市停车资源紧张,目前是很多城市特别是大城市、特大城市共同面临的问题,只是不同的城市紧张程度有所不同。之所以出现这种局面,汽车保有量增速太快而停车场资源供给不足所形成的总量矛盾是主要原因,据统计,我国大城市小汽车与停车位的平均比例约为1比0.8,停车位缺口总数超过5000万个。

另一方面,也存在因为利用率不高、信息不对称所带来的结构性矛盾,如一些停车场的利用有着明显的时间规律,一般是白天停车少,晚上才饱和,而一些停车场则恰恰相反。因此,只要充分利用这种“时间差”,就可以实现对既有停车场资源的挖潜,提升资源的利用效率。“共享停车”的概念主要着眼于此,可谓找到了社会的痛点。

然而,理论上成立与现实中操作往往是两回事。就网约车、共享单车等共享经济业态而言,至少在前期可以自发进行充分的市场探索,相较之下,共享停车的一个最大难题,在于因涉及太多的环节与利益协调,无法凭企业一己之力就可完成市场开拓,而在很大程度上需要公共部门同步创造条件。

比如,共享停车首先就涉及社会停车资源的开放问题。这方面又分为两块,一是公共部门与事业单位的停车资源。如在北京朝阳门街道区域,有大量的国企总部和市级单位在此办公,出于安全考虑,这些单位对开放共享停车资源存在畏难情绪,协调难度较大。这就需要较高层级的政府职能部门出面协调、引导。另一块则是一般居民小区停车资源的开放,关系到居民意愿和车位产权等问题,不仅要进行利益协调,更需要相关政策作出调整。

其次,共享停车还存在推广成本的问题。这包括一些停车场的信息化改造和接入移动互联网平台的成本分担,以及后续涉及停车场、业主、互联网平台等主体的利益分配问题,需要相关部门主动介入,在吸纳社会意见的基础上,制定相应的政策规范。而考虑到停车资源的公共属性,政府部门除了在政策上创造条件,也可适当考虑给予一定的公共投入,作为“购买”停车服务的一种方式。

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