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三类人不适合跑步 运动也需要开“处方”

2017-08-15 16:58:49   海外网

关键在于量力而为

尽管跑步是一种能让你享受速度感的运动,但并非人人都适合跑步。“因为跑步引起的运动损伤可达到十五六种,疾病部位从脚跟到膝盖、腰背部都会有可能损伤。”中华医学会运动医疗分会主任委员、复旦大学运动医学中心主任陈世益教授解释说,跑步可引起脚底、脚后跟疾病,引发跟腱炎,也会导致半月板损坏,引发髌骨疼痛。“除了腿部伤害,髋关节、腰背部同样会受到损伤,产生疼痛感。”

另外,陈世益特别指出,三类人群不适合跑步:一是身体太胖的人,因体重过重会导致跑步时膝盖损伤;二是心肺功能异常人群,跑步对人体心血管会产生巨大影响,突然引发心脏疾病的可能性大、风险较高;三是罗圈腿和平底足的人群,这类人群一旦剧烈运动会导致肌腱劳损、甚至可引起韧带损伤,久而久之还会发生关节退变。“尤其要注意更年期女性不宜过量运动,这时期是雌激素快速下降时期,也是骨量丢失最快时期,膝盖最不耐磨,要悠着点用,以免受到不必要的伤害。”

“其实跟吃药需要处方一样,运动也需要处方。”陈世益特别强调,每个人的体质不同、基础不同,有经验的医生会以运动医学为依据,根据既往病史、个体身体状况评估,帮助市民选择合适的运动方式和运动量,并根据运动情况及时调整运动方案,因人而异去设计制订运动处方,从而有效地避免运动损伤。

李子剑对此表示认同,他还强调,如果想要以跑步方式锻炼身体,最好不要日复一日地跑。可以适当穿插其他的运动,比如太极拳、游泳、自行车等进行组合式运动。对普通人来说,即便坚持跑步锻炼也要遵循三个原则:锻炼前,一定要先热身;其次,锻炼时要循序渐进,尤其是没有运动基础的人,不要想着在短期内达到过高目标,要根据自身情况,设定符合自己的锻炼计划;最关键的还在于,无论在什么情况下,都要量力而为,千万不要超负荷锻炼。

另外,很重要的一点,想要膝关节不受损伤,不是单纯地靠护具去保护,而是要有强健的肌肉。“关节出现问题与周边的肌肉有很大关系。”李子剑强调,适当锻炼关节周边的肌肉对保护关节很有帮助。可以通过靠墙静蹲、绷腿练习和抗阻练习等增强关节周围肌肉的力量,从而减少关节压力,保护关节不受或少受伤害。

运动康复治疗国内仍不足

有统计显示,当前运动损伤发病率占10%—20%,并且有逐年升高的趋势,随着马拉松比赛在国内的开展,跑步运动吸引了越来越多的人群参与,也导致越来越多的运动损伤出现。

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