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你的工作会被人工智能抢吗? 这些职业首先受到冲击

2017-08-15 08:10:50   中国青年网

哪些职业会首先受到冲击?

那么,人工智能技术将会首先冲击哪些领域和行业呢?

根据《人工智能时代的未来职业报告》,技术革新的浪潮首先将会波及的是一批符合“五秒钟准则”的劳动者。

“五秒钟准则”指的是,一项工作如果人可以在5秒钟以内对工作中需要思考和决策的问题作出相应决定,那么,这项工作就有非常大的可能被人工智能技术全部或部分取代。也就是说,这些职业通常是低技能,可以“熟能生巧”的职业。

根据这一理论,翻译、司机、保安、客服、家政、会计等职业在未来均存在被人工智能取代的可能。

而在实践中,人工智能已经成功帮助劳动者完成了具有重复性的脑力工作。比如,支付宝的智能客服问题解决率已经超过了人工客服。这意味着,职业中可自动化、计算机化的任务越多,就越有可能被交给机器完成,其中以行政、销售、服务业最为危险。

不是抢“饭碗”,而是升级“饭碗”

“人类与人工智能是可以合作的,二者并非零和关系。”《人工智能时代的未来职业报告》指出,当我们在考虑人类与人工智能之间的关系时,首先应明确,机器人所有行为的前提都是人类设定的计算法。人工智能的不断发展会使劳动者与人工智能的分工日趋明显——重复性、简单性、危险性任务由人工智能完成,劳动者的创造力得以更大发挥,转向更多高质量的就业岗位。也就是说,人工智能不是抢“饭碗”,而是升级了劳动者的“饭碗”。

以医生为例,医生日常80%左右的工作都是重复性的。比如,对一般疾病的诊断、配药、给病人拍X光片、做常规手术等。蚂蚁金服副总裁、首席数据科学家漆远预测称,“这部分工作,未来会逐步被人工智能取代。”当医生从单调乏味的重复中解放出来后,可以学习研究更复杂的医疗问题,探索新的疾病治疗方法;再比如,在教育行业,人工智能系统性地替代老师完成阅卷、评分、设计课程等重复性工作,而老师将把更多时间花在创造性教学思考和对学生进行因材施教等方面。

“以下三类工作,过去、现在、未来依然会有劳动者的贡献。”漆远进一步解释说,一是创造性工作,比如对科学与艺术和对未来的探索等;二是设置KPI和价值观的工作;三是情绪劳动。而劳动者想要不被淘汰,就要学会做机器做不到的事情,让自己的工作拥有更多创造性内容,不断迭代更新知识储备。

目前,我国正在加快人工智能人才的培养步伐。近日,国务院印发《新一代人工智能发展规划》,提出将“加快培养聚集人工智能高端人才”。

本报记者 彭文卓

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