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“遇见人工智能”系列评论①:就业“杀手”还是“助手”

2017-08-15 07:25:55   中国经济网

我们必须理性看待人工智能带来的影响。从短期看,人工智能势必会对那些单一、繁重的劳动工作岗位产生不利影响;但从长远看,人工智能将改变人们的生活方式,提升工作效率,带来的正面效用很大

开栏的话 亚马逊的无人机、京东的无人仓、阿里的无人超市、百度的无人驾驶、西门子的无人工厂……今年夏天,在人工智能的快速引领下,“无人时代”这个标签彻底火了一把。但对我们来说,人工智能的崛起可能是件好事情,也可能是件坏事情。在当下的时间节点上,有一些问题需要厘清。为此,时评版拟推出系列评论,谈谈“人工智能”的那些事。

近日,国务院正式印发《新一代人工智能发展规划》,详细描绘了我国新一代人工智能发展的蓝图。对企业而言,发展人工智能毫无疑问是巨大的机遇;但也有不少人担忧,未来他们的工作会被人工智能所取代。

应该说,这样的担忧不无道理。创新工场董事长李开复就曾表示,人工智能技术正在被广泛应用于各个范畴。随着进一步发展,会不可避免地对就业造成冲击。许多岗位和职业会逐步消失。比如,银行出纳员、客户服务代表、电话销售员、股票和债券交易员等,甚至律师助理和放射科医生也会被相关软件所取代。假以时日,人工智能技术还会逐步代替工厂工人、修建工人、司机、快递及许多职业岗位。

但是,这样的担忧也不必被无限放大。回顾过往,每次人类迎来新的技术革命,都会伴随着各种争议,担心新技术会成为就业“杀手”。事实证明,每次技术革命都推动了人类社会的进步。其间,虽然出现工人失业问题,却并没有带来长期大规模的失业潮。

相反,新技术的发展还创造出了更多新的工作岗位。国际机器人联合会的研究数据显示,制造类机器人直接或间接地增加了人类就业岗位总数。到2020年,机器人产业在全球范围内直接或间接创造的岗位总数将从190万增长到350万,每部署一个机器人,将创造出3.6个岗位,是名副其实的就业“助手”。

因此,我们必须理性看待人工智能带来的影响。从短期看,人工智能势必会对那些单一、繁重的劳动工作岗位产生不利影响;但从长远看,人工智能将改变人们的生活方式,提升工作效率,带来的正面效用很大。

面对未来人工智能时代的挑战,政府、企业和个人都应未雨绸缪,积极拥抱这个时代。

政府要做好人工智能发展的顶层设计,加强政策引导,避免人工智能的无序竞争和盲目发展。同时,做好人工智能对职工岗位替代的监测与评估,加强相关行业的信息发布,以便有效应对。除此之外,企业要对员工加强教育培训,使其更加适应经济发展和产业优化升级的需要。对那些被人工智能取代离岗的人,企业最好能送一程,帮助他们学习更多知识和新技能,协助其更好地转岗,实现再就业。

当然,面对人工智能时代的到来,每个人也要做些什么才行。正如我们所看到的,未来的生活注定是自动化、智能化的生活。因此,与其怨天尤人,不如从心理上准备好迎接人工智能时代,把精力投入到技术革命和管理创新等方面,不断提升个人素质。只有这样,无论对手是人还是机器,都能在竞争中立于不败之地。

俗话说,物竞天择,适者生存。那些在变革中止步不前甚至背离变革大潮流的人,最终也将被时代所抛弃,无一例外。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:郑 彬)

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