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河北塞罕坝机械林场55年发展历程速写:好一个大“林子”

2017-08-04 09:22:57   中国经济网

北京人,东北望,是坝上。

“塞罕坝”,蒙古语和汉语的组合,意为“美丽的高岭”。曾经这里是清代木兰围场的中心地带,主要用于“肄武、绥藩、狩猎”,清廷鼎盛时期几乎每年秋季都要举行声势浩大的仪式,并列入国家典制,即“木兰秋狝”。

那时“美丽的高岭”究竟有多美?

《围场厅志》记载,当年这一带,“落叶松万株成林,望之如一线,游骑蚁行,寸人豆马,不足拟之”。

好一个“寸人豆马”,就像现代人在高空飞行时透过舷窗俯瞰大地,饱览天地间的辽阔。

康熙则站在地面上,对这方水土多有歌咏,“……鹿鸣秋草盛,人喜菊花香。日暮帷宫近,风高暑气藏”。

现在,塞罕坝留有亮兵台。一团巨石凌空凸起,形如卧虎。相传乌兰布通之战大获全胜之际,康熙登临此地,检阅凯旋的清军将士。无法想象,那时的康熙,内心起着怎样的波澜。

他还有一首《塞外偶述》:“水绕周庐曲,原高众幕围。”

乾隆续写着《出塞杂咏》:“最爱枫林新似染,折来题句手亲书。”

嘉庆则跟风般来一首《塞山行》:“秋风猎猎吹山云,奇峰倏起林木分。明霞五色互炫耀,欲写岚黛难成文。”

明明知道“难成文”,还要硬着头皮上,都是因为眼前的景让人心潮难平。

帝王热衷于借笔抒怀,其他人等也没有闲着。

黄钺的《木兰纪事》见出清雅:“香草丰茸三尺赢,据鞍似踏绿波行。怪它马耳双尖没,尽作春江风雨声。”

陆元烺的《塞上夜坐》一片天籁,“松声入夜常疑雨,虫语鸣秋惯近人”。

赵翼是个实诚人,没有那么多的辞藻与讲究,一句“木兰草最肥,饲马不用豆”,径直把当年木兰围场的风情端了出来。

惜乎时光如刀,将延续着的荣光强行剪断。1824年,即道光四年,木兰秋狝这一“万世当遵守”的家法,被断然废止。风雨飘摇的清王朝,已经顾不上什么“鹿鸣”与“菊花”,什么“香草”与“松声”,反而虎视眈眈,把这里视为一块肥肉。

同治年间,就有声音要“就近招佃展垦,尚足以济兵饷不足”。光绪年间,还在惦记着“热河围场地亩,可否令京旗人丁迁往耕种”,后来直接说了,“开垦围场各地藉筹军饷,实为寓兵于民之善策”。

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