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上海暂无法打宫颈癌疫苗,相关二价、四价疫苗正在引进中
2017-08-01 08:57:05 中国青年网
专家:二价疫苗覆盖高危宫颈癌,预防效果并非百分百
复旦大学附属妇产科医院宫颈疾病诊治中心主任隋龙表示:“目前已知至少14种高危亚型HPV,其中16、18亚型最为高危,在上海发现的宫颈癌患者中16、18这两种亚型占70%。”
隋龙进一步指出,高危型HPV感染持续1年以上,称为持续性感染,会引起女性下生殖道癌的风险明显增加,但最终发生宫颈癌的风险却不足1%。大多数妇女在感染HPV后的6-18个月内,可由自身免疫系统清除HPV。
HPV疫苗适合什么人群打?专家指出,由于HPV主要通过性行为传播,一般认为青春期女性是接种的首选人群,最好在首次发生性行为之前完成接种。由于不同国家和地区人群的初次性行为的年龄不同,因此各组织机构建议的免疫年龄也有所不同。
以美国食品药品监督管理局为例,其推荐的接种人群为9岁-26岁女性。超过26岁也可使用,但效果不佳。在HPV疫苗已上市的100多个国家,多数在执行HPV疫苗免疫计划上有着相似的建议:主要针对9至14岁的女童。
对此,专家指出,这主要基于以下两方面的考虑:第一,HPV感染以性传播为主,从疫苗预防效果及卫生经济学角度讲,最佳接种人群为尚未发生性行为的年轻女孩。第二,接种HPV疫苗后,14岁以下的女孩产生的保护性抗体的效能,较14岁以上的女孩高一倍。
隋龙也指出,接种宫颈癌疫苗能防止绝大多数宫颈癌的产生,但不能百分之百地起到保护作用。此外,当前国际上在使用的疫苗都是预防性HPV疫苗,只能预防特定亚型HPV感染,而不能清除已感染的HPV病毒,清除已感染的HPV病毒的治疗性疫苗尚处于实验研究阶段。
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