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中国历史十大名菜 有一个是“龙肉”北京烤鸭排第九

2017-07-13 10:04:15   今日头条

9、北京烤鸭

北京烤鸭是具有世界声誉的北京著名菜式,用料为优质肉食鸭北京鸭,果木炭火烤制,色泽红润,肉质肥而不腻。北京烤鸭分为两大流派,而北京最著名的烤鸭店也即是两派的代表。它以色泽红艳,肉质细嫩,味道醇厚,肥而不腻的特色,被誉为“天下美味”而驰名中外。

历史缘由:

相传,烤鸭之美,是源于名贵品种的北京鸭,它是当今世界最优质的一种肉食鸭。据说,这一特种纯北京鸭的饲养,约起于千年前左右,是因辽金元之历代帝王游猎,偶获此纯白野鸭种,后为游猎而养,一直延续下来,才得此优良纯种,并培育成今之名贵的肉食鸭种。即用填喂方法育肥的一种白鸭,故名“填鸭”。不仅如此,北京鸭曾在百年以前传至欧美,经繁育一鸣惊人。因而,作为优质品种的北京鸭,成为世界名贵鸭种来源已久。

明初年间,老百姓爱吃南京板鸭,皇帝也爱吃,据说明太祖朱元璋就“日食烤鸭一只”。宫廷里的御厨们就想方设法研制鸭馔的新吃法来讨好万岁爷,于是也就研制出了叉烧烤鸭和焖炉烤鸭这两种。叉烧烤鸭以“全聚德”为代表,而焖炉烤鸭则以“便宜坊”最著名。金陵烤鸭是选用肥大的草鸭为原料,净重要求在2.5公斤左右。

据说,随着朱棣篡位迁都北京后,也顺便带走了不少南京宫廷里烤鸭的高手。在嘉靖年间,烤鸭就从宫廷传到了民间,老“便宜坊”烤鸭店就在菜市口米市胡同挂牌开业,这也是北京第一家烤鸭店。而当时的名称则叫“金陵片皮鸭”,就在老“便宜坊”的市幌上还特别标有一行小字:金陵烤鸭。

在1864年,京城名气最大的“全聚德”烤鸭店也挂牌开业,烤鸭技术又发展到了“挂炉”时代。它是用果木明火烤制并具有特殊的清香味道,不仅使烤鸭香飘万里而且还使得“北京烤鸭”取代了“南京烤鸭”,而“金陵片皮鸭”只能在港澳、深圳、广州等南方几个大城市的菜单上才能见到。

北京烤鸭三大吃法:

第一种吃法:据说是由大宅门里的太太小姐们兴起的。她们既不吃葱,也不吃蒜,却喜欢将那又酥又脆的鸭皮蘸了细细的白糖来吃。此后,全聚德的跑堂一见到女客来了,便必然跟着烤鸭,上一小碟白糖。

第二种吃法:甜面酱加葱条,可配黄瓜条、萝卜条,用筷子挑一点甜面酱,抹在荷叶饼上,放几片烤鸭盖在上面,再放上几根葱条、黄瓜条或萝卜条,将荷叶饼卷起,真是美味无比。

第三种吃法:蒜泥加甜面酱,也可配萝卜条等,用荷叶饼卷食鸭肉也是早年受欢迎的一种佐料。蒜泥可以解油腻,将片好的烤鸭蘸着蒜泥、甜面酱吃,在鲜香中更增添了一丝辣意,风味更为独特。不少顾客特别偏爱这种佐料。

10、清蒸武昌鱼

“武昌鱼”产于湖北省鄂州市(古时称武昌),俗称团头鲂。据《武昌县志》载:鲂,即鳊鱼,又称缩项鳊,产樊口者甲天下。是处水势回旋,深潭无底,渔人置罾捕得之,止此一罾味肥美,余亦较胜别地。”同时,以“鳞白而腹内无黑膜者真。”“清蒸武昌鱼”是选用鲜活的樊口团头鲂为主料,配以冬菇、冬笋、并用鸡清汤调味。成菜鱼形完整、色白明亮、晶莹似玉;鱼身缀以红、白、黑配料,更显出素雅绚丽。特点:肉质鲜嫩,营养丰富。

菜品来源:

武昌鱼得名于三国。东吴甘露元年(公元二六五年),末帝孙皓欲再度从建业(南京)迁都武昌。左丞相陆凯上疏劝阻,疏中引用了“宁饮建业水,不食武昌鱼”这两句“单谣”。于是武昌鱼便始有其名。不过当日所说的武昌鱼,可能不是专指樊口鳊鱼,但在武昌所产的鱼中以樊口蝙鱼为上,故后来就将其美名归于武昌。历代名流学者都有赞赏,它的名声也越来越著。

“武昌鱼”即武昌一带所产之淡水鱼。品种包括鳊、鲭、草、鲢等,其中尤以武昌梁子湖所产的樊口鳊鱼最为珍贵。樊口鳊鱼又有长春鳊、三角鳊和团头舫等品种,其中团头鲂是武昌独产。“武昌鱼”早在1700多年前的三国时期,已饮誉大江南北。以武昌大中华酒楼最著称。代表名英“清蒸武昌鱼”、“海参武昌鱼”、“油焖武昌鱼”等更是脍炙人口。特别是毛泽东主席“才饮长沙水,又食武昌鱼”的著名诗句发表后,更使武昌鱼驰名中外。

菜品特点:

“清蒸武昌鱼”是选用鲜活的樊口团头鲂为主料,配以冬菇、冬笋、并用鸡清汤调味。成菜鱼形完整、色白明亮、晶莹似玉;鱼身缀以红、白、黑配料,更显出素雅绚丽。

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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