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中国历史十大名菜 有一个是“龙肉”北京烤鸭排第九

2017-07-13 10:04:15   今日头条

5、无为熏鸭

无为熏鸭是沿江菜最具代表性的菜品之一,也是享誉中外的徽菜传统名菜。它又名无为板鸭,距今已有两百多年的历史。据无为县志记载:“民俗婚筵多用鹅,后改为鸭”,至今当地还留传著这样的风俗。

无为熏鸭,已有二百多年历史。据传,清乾隆三十九年,安徽无为县厨师采用先熏后卤的独特方法烹制鸭子,成菜色泽金黄油亮,滋味鲜美可口,其制法与口味均独具一格,因而全县闻名,故称“无为熏鸭”。后来传至各地,到清末已闻名全省,销往各地,成为安徽省人们最喜爱的特色菜肴之一。

无为熏鸭

菜品特点:

用肥鸭熏制而成。成菜色泽金黄,皮脂厚润,肉质鲜嫩,气味芳香,别有风味。

菜肴简介无为熏鸭名贯古今、盛誉不衰的原因为二:一是鸭好,无为县地处长江沿岸,乃半丘陵半圩之地势,鸭以在野外放养,多食小鱼、小虾等活食,收稻后,鸭于水稻田里觅食,故鸭成长快、体服壮、肉嫩、脂厚;二是制法精良,操作细,成品体形完美,色泽金黄油亮,皮酥肉嫩,味鲜醇,并有烟熏幽香。若醮醋食用,风味尤佳。

无为熏鸭最初的由来还跟朱元璋有关系。原来明太祖朱元璋小的时候家穷,给人家放牛。但是东家不给他吃饱肚子,所以一群放牛童聚在一起,便干起捉野鸭子的活计来了。他们不敢带回家去吃,就在野外割些茅草,架起火来熏烤。有时烤不熟,便埋在火灰里,等第二天扒出来,鸭肉又香又烂,好吃极了。后来,这一做法在民间流传开来,并由安徽省无为县卖牛肉的回民马常有发扬光大,还摸索出用锯末熏鸭的独特制作工艺,从此无为的马常有清真熏鸭生意做大了,而“无为熏鸭”成了风靡全国的地方风味食品。

6、麻婆豆腐

麻婆豆腐是中国八大菜系之一的川菜中的名品。主要原料由豆腐构成,其特色在于“麻、辣、烫、香、酥、嫩、鲜、活”八字,称之为八字箴言。

菜品来源:

麻婆豆腐,是清同治初年成都市北郊万福桥一家小饭店店主陈森富(一说名陈富春)之妻刘氏所创制。刘氏面部有麻点,人称陈麻婆。她创制的烧豆腐,则被称为“陈麻婆豆腐”,其饮食小店后来也以“陈麻婆豆腐店”为名。1909年成都通俗报社出版的《成都通览》(清·傅崇矩著)已将此店及“陈麻婆之豆腐”,列入与包席馆正园、钟汤圆等店齐名的23家“成都之著名食品店”。《锦城竹枝词》、《芙蓉话旧录》等书对陈麻婆创制麻婆豆腐的历史均有记述。清末诗人冯家吉《锦城竹枝词》云:“麻婆陈氏尚传名,豆腐烘来味最精,万福桥边帘影动,合沽春酒醉先生”。麻婆豆腐由于名声卓著,已流传全国,乃至日本、新加坡等国家。

陈麻婆豆腐(人们人习惯于称之为麻婆豆腐)始创于清朝同治元年(1862年),开创于成都外北万福桥边,原名;陈兴盛饭铺;。店主陈春富早殁,小饭店便由老板娘经营,女老板面上微麻,人称'陈麻婆',当年的万福桥是一道横跨府河,不长却相当宽的木桥。两旁是高栏杆,上面是抓鱼,绘有金碧彩画的桥亭,桥上常有贩夫走卒,推车抬轿下苦力之人在此歇脚、打尖。光顾;陈兴盛饭铺;的主要是挑油的脚夫。这些人经常是买点豆腐、牛肉,再从油篓子里舀些菜油要求老板娘代为加工。日子一长,陈氏对烹制豆腐有了一套独特的烹饪技巧。烹制豆腐色香味俱全。不同凡响,深得人们喜爱,陈氏所烹豆腐由此扬名。清朝也有相当的文字记述,可佐证其对民众的吸引力之大。清末就有诗为证:麻婆陈氏尚传名、豆腐烘来味最精,万福桥边帘影动,合沽春酒醉先生。文人骚客常会于此。有好事者观其老板娘面上麻痕便戏之为陈麻婆豆腐。此言不胫而走遂为美谈。饭铺因此冠名为;陈麻婆豆腐。据《成都通览》记载陈麻婆豆腐在清朝末年便被例为成都著名食品。由于陈麻婆豆腐历代传人的不断努力,陈麻婆川菜馆虽距今一百四十余年盛名长盛不衰。并扬名海内外,深得国内外美食者好评。

菜品特点:

色泽淡黄,豆腐嫩白而有光泽。有人用“麻、辣、烫、鲜、嫩、香、酥、活”等八个字来形容这道菜,颇为形象地概括了它的特点。现在国内外的川菜馆都以经营此菜来招揽顾客。据说近年来,日本有家食品公司还将麻婆豆腐制成罐头远销世界各地。

麻:指豆腐在起锅时,要洒上适量的花椒末。花椒要用汉源进贡朝廷的贡椒,麻味纯正,沁人心脾。如若别地花椒,麻味卡喉,令人气紧,谁还会有食欲,谁敢再夹豆腐?三十年代初,军阀割踞混战,汉源花椒告罄,店铺除向外县重价购买汉椒外,还在铺门贴出告示声明无上好花椒,麻婆豆腐宁停不卖。这一坦白经营作法,在同业中传为美谈。

辣:是选用龙潭寺大红袍油椒制作豆瓣,剁细炼熟,加以少量熟油海椒烹脍豆腐,又辣又香。

烫:就是起锅立即上桌,闻不到制豆腐石膏味,冷浸豆腐的水锈味,各色佐料原有的难闻气味,只有勾起食欲的香味。

酥:指炼好的牛肉馅子,色泽金黄,红酥不板,一颗颗,一粒粒,入口就酥,沾牙就化。

嫩:指的是豆腐下锅,煎氽得法,色白如玉,有楞有角,一捻即碎,故住宅大多用小勺舀食。

鲜:指全菜原料,俱皆新鲜,鲜嫩翠绿,红白相宜,色味俱鲜,无可挑剔。

活:是陈麻婆豆腐店的一项绝技:豆腐上桌,寸把长的蒜苗,在碗内根根直立,翠绿湛兰,油泽甚艳,仿佛刚从畦地采摘切碎,活灵活现,但夹之入口,俱皆熟透,毫无生涩味道。

抗日战争中,大众饭店普及,不少饭铺都能做出麻婆豆腐;江南内迁成都不少餐馆,也都挂出麻婆豆腐菜名,论手艺、论火工可谓有麻婆豆腐功夫,论原料、论配料自然各有麻辣口味,唯独全市没有一家能把蒜苗显活这一关闯过。南打金街、江南馆街的浙江、江苏馆子,为了做好麻婆豆腐,曾用重金聘请陈麻婆豆腐店当家厨师陈三师去,当了三天提调,传授蒜苗炒活的技巧,还登了报纸。在饮食业中为川菜赢来了声誉。

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