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媒体评女子被二次碾压无人救:别只指责路人冷漠

2017-06-09 08:16:53   侠客岛

事实上,有冷漠路过的路人,也不缺热心救人的民众。在这则悲剧视频下,不少网友留言讲述了自己遭遇车祸后因为路人帮忙而避免悲剧的经历。

一句广为流传的话是,“道德永远不会沦丧,天良也永远不会泯灭。只不过,有时也需要唤醒。”社会能做的、更需要做的,是维系这些道德,以及在需要的时候唤醒这些天良。

规则

靠什么来唤醒天良?答案并不简单。

西方不少国家有专门立法,对公民在危急时刻给予他人的救助行为予以规范调节,惩罚那些见死不救的人,并打消人们施救的顾虑,这样的立法统称“撒玛利亚好人法”。

今年“两会”通过的《民法总则》,也部分含有“撒玛利亚好人法”的因子。《民法总则》第184条规定:因自愿实施紧急救助行为造成受助人损害的,救助人不承担民事责任。通俗来说,就是在见义勇为的过程中,如果因为救助不当导致受助人损害的,享有豁免权。按照法律界的解释,这样的制度设计,能够鼓励紧急救助他人的行为,有助于解决彭宇案等引发的道德困境。

而在不少大陆法系国家,则偏重“撒玛利亚好人法”中“惩罚见死不救者”的内容。

法国《刑法典》就明确规定,“任何人对处于危难中的他人,能够采取个人行动或者能唤起救助行动、且对其本人或第三人均无危险,而故意放弃给予救助的,处5年监禁并罚金50万法郎”;“任何人故意不采取或故意不唤起能够抗击危及人们安全之灾难的措施,且该措施对其本人或第三人均无危险的,处2年监禁并科20万法郎罚金”。类似的规定,在德国、塞尔维亚、巴西、意大利等国的刑法条文中也有出现。

我国的法律,并没有设定普通公民“见危必助、见难必救”的法定义务。很多时候,“见死不救”的惩治对象只是负有特定救助义务的特殊主体,“救死扶伤”也只是被当成一种高尚道德予以宣传和褒扬。

不过,让“见死不救”入刑并不是一件容易的事情。法学理论界对此存在争议,并且不少专家认为在实际操作中还会遇见诸多难具体认定的情形。甚至有人担心,如果盲目引入,有可能让围观群众更远地离开现场。

原点

引入法律治理的努力,既暴露出制度设计的艰难尴尬,让问题的讨论陷入困境,却又直指道德的原点。

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