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多地林区黑熊频频伤人 相关补偿办法实施困难

2017-05-26 10:49:13   新京报

后来几乎是李和平和时间的搏斗,他用已经被熊撕碎的衣服包上头,摇摇晃晃往山下走,“全身肿胀,但意识还清醒。”所幸他离山下停放的摩托车不远,骑车时,血汩汩地流了满脸。

“唯一的念想就是往有人的地方走。”强睁着眼睛骑了15分钟左右,终于在一个养猪场看到了人,“一点力气没有了,这才感觉到疼。”

伊春林业中心医院神经外科副主任杨明从医20年,头回诊治被熊袭击的伤者。

伤情触目惊心,“四肢和面部都是皮肤的撕脱伤,头皮从眼眉到头顶都没了。”清创、缝合外加植皮,当天的手术做了近6个小时。

熊出没

李和平在泉河林场工作了近30年,遇袭前从未见过黑熊出没。

尚志市冲河林场退休职工殷从信更觉得黑熊像是上世纪三四十年代的传说,“这几年封山育林了,只是听同事说,看见树上有黑瞎子抓过的爪印,林场也没有警示过山里有黑瞎子。”

张明海是东北林业大学野生动物研究所所长,他介绍,在黑龙江袭击人的“黑瞎子”是黑熊的东北亚种,主要分布在大小兴安岭和东部林区

资料显示,东北黑熊一般体长在120-190厘米、体重约100-250公斤,胸部有白色或黄白色月牙形斑纹。它们四肢粗健,前后足肥厚,视觉不好但嗅觉灵敏。

冲河林场47岁的职工宋文华见过黑熊的脚印,“比45号的鞋都大。”宋文华说,最近的七八年,林场封山育林,黑熊脚印变得越来越常见,野猪、狍子时常能在林子里看到,野猪甚至还会出来拱坏农田。

上世纪70年代,这些动物对于刚工作的宋文华来说都是稀罕物。“那时候还有打猎的,猎枪一响,野生动物都跑了。”

森林砍伐也让黑熊无处栖身,油锯、运材车的轰鸣声也会把这些野生动物吓跑,“听说很多都往俄罗斯跑了。”宋文华说。

1996年,国家林业局启动全国陆生野生动物调查,张明海参与调查了黑龙江省熊类资源的状况。

2002年,他参与撰写的报告显示,当时黑龙江省黑熊的数量在1100头左右,棕熊数量约631头。

那一年,黑熊的地理分布范围和数量在缩减当中。以森工国有林区为例,两种熊的数量与1992年相比,6年间减少了1886头,减少率达61.7%,每年平均减少16%。

张明海在报告中给出三个原因:森林长期超强度采伐,人类活动对熊类栖息生活的干扰,人为捕杀。

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