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大兴安岭30年疗愈火灾伤痛 室外抽烟成当地人禁忌

2017-05-07 02:12:16   新京报

刘万平并不将漠河转型旅游看作偶然。他说,火灾过后,大兴安岭林木蓄积量急剧下降。林区木材产量逐年消减,单靠生产木材的产值已很吃力。“政府需要主导探讨发展其他产业”。

上世纪90年代的春节,刘万平便开始在街上撞见三三两两的东南亚及香港游客。

漠河,逐渐成为“中国最北”的代言词。

但“火”仍是漠河离不开的话题。

漠河火灾纪念馆成为旅行社推出的必游路线之一。张磊说,来漠河旅游的人,90%都会去火灾纪念馆。这座1988年为纪念城市复建而成的纪念馆,也早已成为当地的地标性建筑。

刚刚踏出飞机场,第一次游览北方的游客王林(化名)便收到一份“森林防火宣传单”。起初,他并没当回事。当他在街上掏出烟,马上被当地人告诫,“室外禁止吸烟”。这时,他才意识到,自己来到了大兴安岭。

在游客中间,这也成为大家津津乐道的话题。张磊曾听到,不少游客调侃,其他地方室内禁烟室外吸,我们这里室外禁烟室内吸。这也是大兴安岭的特色。

火灾后,室外抽烟成为当地人的“禁忌”。

张磊所在的旅游局会与旅行社和导游一一签订防火责任书,要求告知游客防火常识。

如今,旅游逐渐成为漠河的支柱产业,去年,190万游客给漠河带来18亿元的旅游收入。

林场转型

植树补救火后“伤疤”

漠河县旅游局局长张磊用“原来砍伐一片林子卖钱,如今看一片林子卖钱”来形容漠河转型。同样亟待转型的还有大兴安岭的其他林场。

宫延华曾是古莲林场的伐木工。上世纪90年代,他和工友根本忙不过来,一根连着一根地伐,木头被一车车拉走。“有时甚至连擦汗时间都没有”。但上世纪90年代末,他突然感觉闲下来,有时一天也没事,很多人都闲着。

2010年,阿木尔地区依林林场甚至直接从山上整体迁至山下平原。厂长王辉说,后期,林场砍伐任务下降,更趋向植树造林。划定造林区域和任务量,再拉着工人上山植树。

伐木工变成造林工。阿木尔林业局局长鲁智勇对比了一组数据。1990年,林场一年伐木47万平方米。那是林场的产量峰值。但2010年前后,每年的生产任务大多只有5万平方米。微乎其微。

1998年,国家启动天然林资源保护工程,要求东北、内蒙古等重点国有林区年调减木材产量751.5万立方米。

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