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大兴安岭30年疗愈火灾伤痛 室外抽烟成当地人禁忌

2017-05-07 02:12:16   新京报

那晚,原本仅20多分钟的车程,他们走了3个多小时。

火整整烧了28天。

101万公顷森林被吞没,大兴安岭失去五分之一林地。大量幼中林被烧死,荒山秃岭到处可见,森林覆盖率由原来的76%降为61.5%。

211人葬身火海,5万余灾民流离失所。

重视防火

防火能力经历“重生”

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区漠河县森林消防大队副队长李东认为,除那天的8级大风,扑火队伍力量不足是导致大火强力蔓延的另一重要原因。

姚占军总结,那场火,唤醒了人们对防火的重视。

1987年,大火之后,漠河县将防火股升格为正科级单位,成立防火办,并下设专业森林消防队、护林队、富克山分指挥部和预防、指挥、通讯、财务等8个股室。而此前,全县只有2到3个人管防火。有火情的时候,因为没有专门的防火调度室,还得借用木材生产指挥调度室。

防火队伍也在不断扩充。检查站、管护站、巡护队成为森林防火的最前线。

进山前,检查站及管护站工作人员向每个人发放森林防火宣传单,进行防火检查,没收打火机等火种,并检查每辆车是否安装防火罩、配备灭火器材。古莲森林资源管护区第九管护站站长宫延华作为巡护员,则要每天巡逻,防止外来人员私自入山,乱扔烟头等。

除了巡护,漠河县也组建起专业的防火队伍。

县里开始招聘防火队员。19岁的王明自愿加入。这之前,防火多由林场职工兼着。4月到10月中旬,在林区高火险期,驻扎在漠河县的武警森林部队官兵和森林消防队员都要驱车两小时进山,在富克山执勤点驻防。

王明说,一旦发现火情,这里可以直入起火点扑火,省去从县城到山里的时间,缩短防火时间。

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区防火办副主任赵晓刚说,如今,这里有1640名武警森林官兵以及15支共6000多人的专业森林消防队伍。

火成为牵动他们共同神经的一条“引线”。2010年至2015年,内蒙古大兴安岭共发生森林火灾192起,其中雷击火158起,占森林火灾总数的八成以上。

2010年6月26日,一场持续七天七夜的雷击大火突降大兴安岭呼中区。

这场火最先由瞭望员发现。赵晓刚说,瞭望员是火灾的预警员。每个瞭望塔之间的瞭望范围互有交叉,一个目标塔可看到其他至少三个瞭望塔,通过瞭望塔之间的通信可对着火点进行定位。

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