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混血的确会引人新的优势基因,但同时也会造成其自身家族的优势基因的丧失或引人了劣势基因。我们都知道血统纯正的阿拉伯马及一些名贵犬之类,都是因其血统纯正而保有其品种优势的。其实,人类也是一样的。但是,长期过度地近亲结婚、近亲繁殖却也会让其家族的某些隐形疾病的基因得到累积。所以,在《权力的游戏》中瑟曦说:坦格利安家族生下的子女,要么是天才,要么是疯子。
不要以为坦格利安家族的故事只出现在小说中。在真实的历史上,古埃及的托勒密王朝就是长期奉行这种婚配关系的,如“埃及艳后”克利奥帕特拉的法理上丈夫就是她的亲弟弟。而日本皇室在历史上,哥哥娶妹妹、叔叔娶侄女这样的“乱伦”婚姻也都屡见不鲜。
我国在历史上也经历过“族内婚”的阶段,但应该也因此蒙受过灾难。因此在我国有确切历史记载的春秋战国时期,“同姓婚姻”成为了禁忌,如《左传》:“男女同姓,其生不蕃(昌盛)。《国语·晋语》又称:“同姓不婚,恶不殖也。”
后世的姑表亲、姨表亲虽也属于近亲结婚。但是,婚配的选择范围相对要放开的多。两个家族也不可能世代互婚,这在很大程度上就规避掉了“近亲结婚”的危害了。
近亲结婚的确会增加其子女不健康的可能性,但却并不意外着其子女跟不健康就划上了等号。澳大利亚的艾伦-比托教授曾花了30年的时间在11个国家进行了调查研究,发现非近亲夫妇生出畸形婴儿的机率是2%,而近亲夫妇生出畸形婴儿的机率只不过增加到4%而已,这个差距其实并不算大。所以,近亲结婚的危害还是存在的,却并没有人们想象中的那么明显。现今,近亲婚姻之所以成为禁忌,一方面是提倡了优生,另一面是文明礼俗的形成。
责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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