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“罗尔事件”思考:网络慈善最怕信息失实失真

2016-12-04 04:55:15   

信息披露不充分。比如“罗尔事件”中,罗尔只提及女儿的遭遇、妻子长期没有工作、父亲得重病等信息内容,而未披露其家庭有房有车,以及白血病女儿的治疗费用情况。

无中生有说假话。去年8月,广西防城港市一女子利用天津滨海新区爆炸事件,谎称家人遇难,不仅骗取了数千网民同情,还诈骗近10万元捐款。

部分真实但“借鸡生蛋”。去年10月,安徽利辛女子李某自称下班路上为救女童而被恶犬咬成重伤,收到数十万善款。后经调查,李娟其实是在男友的狗场被咬伤的。从“见义勇为”到“骗捐善款”,舆论哗然。

家有难事向社会求助无可非议,但前提是信息披露必须真实。广东融方律师事务所律师吕胜柱说,“罗尔事件”表面上看是信息不对称、沟通不畅通等问题,实则暴露了现有募捐体系缺乏必要的信息证实机制,仍待规范。

艾瑞咨询分析师李超认为,网络募捐突破了传统募捐的时空限制,传播快、影响大、互动强、效率高,可及时有效地为受助者排忧解难。但网络的虚拟性和开放性使得募捐信息真假难辨,这就需要提供空间服务的网络平台具有较高的甄别募捐信息真伪的能力,在信息发布前进行核实验证,让受捐者尽量披露更多的个人真实信息资料,并及时公布资金的使用情况。

吕胜柱表示,根据国家网信办2015年发布的《互联网用户账号名称管理规定》的相关条款,平台要对用户实行实名制管理,如果网络平台出现诈骗、诽谤等事故,平台如未能提供溯源用户的实名信息,要承担相应责任。随着网络募捐的普及与社会慈善需求的扩大,募捐平台的数量也将越来越多。对于网络募捐平台的管理,宜从事前逐步发展到事中事后监管,比如对于网络募捐的信息公开与操作规范制定硬性要求,对接公众的知情权与监督权。

监管如何平息“花错钱”焦虑?

中国青年报社会调查中心进行的一项调查显示,47.4%的受访者曾通过网络平台参与过捐款,仅28.5%的受访者信任网络捐款中的慈善组织或募捐个人,62.4%的受访者担忧网络募捐存在诈捐、骗捐的潜在风险。

今年慈善法实行后,民政部通过了首批13家慈善互联网募捐平台。在不少法律界专家看来,13家“正规军”之外,不少带有慈善筹款性质的网络互助平台,以及利用微信朋友圈、网络论坛等形式发起的“个人求助”行为等,均面临资金监管公信力缺乏的问题。

记者调查发现,不少类似案例共同点是“个人求助”者发布信息后,常利用个人账户接收善款,在缺乏第三方监督制约的情况下,即使求助的情况如病情属实,也可能面临质疑。

近年来,发展迅速的网络互助平台也面临这样的尴尬:资金善款流向缺乏公信力的第三方监管。在当前行业仍缺乏监管细则的情况下,不少网络互助平台的资金监管常受到网友质疑。保监会于11月发布消息称,网络互助平台不具备保险经营资质及相应风险控制能力,其资金风险、道德风险和经营风险难以管控,容易诱发金融风险。

蚂蚁互助创始人廖晓平说,网络互助平台多处于经营灰色地带和监管真空地带,希望监管部门推进设定行业行为准则,制定相关监管规则,对潜在风险进行管控。

“网络募捐是个新生事物,希望这次事件成为相关制度完善和成长的契机,更好监督和管理网络募捐资金的使用。”广东南方福瑞德律师事务所律师向兰金说。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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