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故宫大高玄殿“宝匣归安” 匣内何物至今成谜

2016-11-09 04:22:40   京华时报

昨天,单霁翔发布了大高玄殿研究性修缮保护项目的最新阶段性成果。据介绍,在修缮工作中,故宫博物院创新地引入了考古学手段和理念作为突破口,首次将建筑考古的研究方法运用到大高玄殿的修缮保护中,使保护修缮工作更加细致、缜密。将由于不同时期的修缮和改动,视为层层叠压或打破的“考古地层”,对上面所有的信息按照不同层次、叠压打破关系进行全面、细致的提取,以获取其不同时期营建、修缮所留下来的历史信息和做法工艺,最大限度保存建筑历史信息的“真实性”和“完整性”。

表面彩绘

抢救非遗

记录匠人信息

故宫博物院对大高玄殿展开多学科、多专业、多手段的联合研究,并紧密贯穿整个修缮过程始终。其中,联合院外20多家科研机构、院校对大高玄殿的传统工艺、材料进行十余项的科学勘察、记录、实验、分析与研究,包括硅酸盐、石材、木材、彩画、金属构件、纸张等,并利用三维激光扫描、倾斜摄影测量等高新数字化技术手段完整获取大高玄殿原状、残损及变形数据信息。

单霁翔院长强调,大高玄殿的这些研究成果,不仅仅是服务于后期研究,更是直接服务于修缮保护过程中。大高玄殿的研究为修缮保护工作提供重要的数据支持和方案依据,各种修缮方案的制定、实施均以研究成果为先导,在传承传统工艺的过程中,利用现代技术和方案进行信息诠释、解读并记录,并在本次工作中对匠人的信息进行了口述史的整理和记录。这是对非物质文化遗产的抢救,具有很重要的意义。

后殿宝匣

□释疑

1宝匣内究竟藏着什么?

一般存五金元宝、五色宝石等

故宫博物院院长单霁翔介绍,根据既往经验及研究发现,一般宝匣内会存放有五金元宝、五色宝石、五经、五色缎、五色线、五香、五药、五谷等物品,反映出古人趋利避害的一种心理。故宫博物院坚持传统,仍将原有宝匣原封不动地恢复原位。

据介绍,大高玄殿后殿曾发现一宝匣,由于松木匣盒腐朽,人们得以一睹宝匣内部真容。里面装的是五谷、五色线和五个钱币。专家介绍,考虑到正殿级别较高,正殿宝匣内所放之物也应该不同于后殿,“可能会有五色宝石”。

2考古方法如何修建筑?

对各类重要遗物编号全记录

在实际操作过程中,故宫团队不仅运用了考古的理念和方法,同时首次联合故宫考古研究所的考古人员,第一次走上屋顶布置探沟,进行“考古勘探”。

在建筑考古中发现的各类重要遗物,按照考古学的方法进行编号、记录、绘图与保存。不仅对木构件进行了非常详细的测绘、信息记录,对于易被频繁修缮的木基层、灰泥等部位及瓦件、砖瓦铭、大木记号等也做了最大化、最真实的全面记录。

3修大高玄殿日后何用?

将以教育为核心做培训基地

修缮保护后的大高玄殿古建筑群,将以教育培训为核心,整合故宫学院、故宫培训学校教育资源,形成故宫品牌教育培训基地,迁入故宫数字馆,使公众更科学舒适地体验文化空间与数字技术共同创造的文化震撼,并利用科技手段配合教学,服务培训。同时,兼顾小规模文物展览使用功能。

京华时报记者张然

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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