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肺癌患者国内求医被“判死刑” 赴美治愈可跑步

2016-08-20 04:02:08   中国新闻周刊

但是,在中国,主导临床试验的大多是有资质的三甲医院的医生,他们通常是主任医师,是整个医院里最忙的一群人。“其实,只要是研究者能够充分参与进来的临床试验,都会做得很不错。但基本上,他们很少有时间参与。”蔡绪柳说。

由于中国只有400多家可以进行临床试验的医疗机构,其中主要是三甲医院,而药物研发和销售都需要依靠医院,这让中国的药企不敢得罪这些医院和医生。

与药企在中国的弱势地位不同,美国的临床试验大多由药企主导。“因为美国任何一个医生都可以参与到临床试验。”王常玉告诉《中国新闻周刊》(微信ID:china-newsweek),他曾经在美国担任辉瑞公司肿瘤免疫部的研发总监。

蔡绪柳说:“中国很多临床试验的方案,都是依靠医药研发合同外包服务机构(简称CRO)和医院共同设计,有的药企还不如CRO专业。”一些药企甚至会在与CRO的合同中注明:必须保证临床试验通过。

如今,王常玉在成都创办了华免生物科技有限公司,他感到,信任是中美临床试验最大的差距。“美国讲究信用,申报时唯一的审查就是看你申报的资料中,结论、推论有没有错误,不会去质疑你的试验程序和结果。”

因为在美国,一旦确定试验方案,十分细微的程序变动都需要主动向FDA报备,哪怕一个病人的输液时间从1小时变为2小时。但中国医生后补签名、后补检查记录、甚至后补化验单的现象并不少见。

王常玉甚至听说,“药企需要什么样的数据,医院就能给你什么样的数据。”一位业内知情人士透露,一些临床试验为了确保药物有效,会直接修改原始数据。有的医院会将对照组和实验组“掉个个儿”;还有研究者会直接修改病人病历;也有的医院会在患者参加临床试验前,将他的肿瘤大小“量大一点”,最终结果评估的时候再“量小一点”,药物的疗效便因此而“显现”。

这些情况在美国是不可想象的。因为一旦FDA发现临床试验数据造假,药企、研究机构、CRO付出的代价都会非常巨大。“美国基于信用系统,如果临床结果造假,这家机构在美国肯定是做不下去了,相当于上了一个黑名单。”王常玉说,由于美国的药企之间存在激烈的竞争,如果发现对手数据造假,药企常常会主动举报。“但在中国,举报对谁都没有好处,不如一起赚钱。”

2013年6月,FDA公布,由百时美施贵宝和辉瑞联合研发的新药阿哌沙班,审查过程将被延时3个月。原因是中国一位临床研究中心管理人员和另一位监察员“更改了原始记录,掩盖了违反临床研究质量管理规范的证据”。这最终导致FDA调查人员对中国36个研究中心的24个数据提出质疑。

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