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美特种兵2019年扩至7.1万人 在全球75%国家作战

2018-07-25 10:36:01    中国网

然而,最近,《纽约时报》报道说,“五角大楼全面审查”美军在非洲大陆上的特种作战任务,可能很快会导致在那里的突击队员人数大幅减少。

显然,非洲司令部被要求考虑,在18个月时间里将突击队员的人数减少25%,在3年内削减50%,会对其反恐任务产生什么影响。最终,只有大约700名精锐部队将留在那里。

拟议中的削减计划似乎也符合五角大楼最新的国防战略,该战略强调了从反恐重点向俄罗斯和中国等势均力敌的竞争对手所构成的威胁的转变。美国国防部长詹姆斯·马蒂斯今年1月说:“我们将继续打击恐怖分子的行动,但大国竞争——而不是恐怖主义——现在是美国国家安全的主要焦点。”

形形色色的分析人士对拟议中的裁军提出质疑或批评。前美国驻非洲大陆突击队负责人唐纳德·博尔克对美国之音说:“如果没有我们现在这样的存在,随着时间的推移,暴力极端组织的效力将会提高,我们将在这一领域失去信任和信誉,破坏该地区的稳定甚至进一步遭到破坏。”

阿姆斯特丹安全分析家戴维·迈耶哀叹说,随着非洲的地缘政治重要性日益增强,“华盛顿打算减少它在非洲大陆已经很少的参与极具讽刺意味”。

然而,这并不是一个必然的结论。多年来,特战司令部成员以及国会、智库和其他地方的支持者都在大声抱怨美军精锐部队的行动节奏激增以及特战部队成员由此受到的压力。特战司令部司令托马斯在国会说:“大多数特种部队都被使用到了极限。”

事实上,马蒂斯在2017年指出,美军特战部队与正规军部队之间的界线正在模糊,后者很可能将承担之前由突击队承担的任务,尤其是在非洲。

今年早些时候,负责特种作战和低强度冲突的助理国防部长欧文·韦斯特在对众议院军事委员会成员提及“研究将正规军作战部队与特战部队区分开来的界限的必要性”时,提到了马蒂斯的言论。他尤其强调了陆军的安全部队援助旅,该旅最近刚刚成立,负责执行顾问和协助任务。

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