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美国国会能否“制衡”特朗普关税政策?

2018-07-13 07:16:10    中国网

通过毫无约束力的决议案,就相当于一只“没有牙齿的老虎”,也展现了美国国会在外贸政策上的微妙态度。

当地时间7月11日,美国国会参议院以88:11的压倒性票数通过一项非约束性决议,要求特朗普以维护国家安全为由采取关税行动时,应得到国会批准。国会此次行动看似对特朗普政府肆意妄为的贸易政策实施了制衡,但实际效果仍然有待观察。

从内容上看,参议院此次投票的目的是,要求在国会新财年联邦预算法案中附加一项条款,授予国会监督行政部门决定征收关税的权力。由于这次投票是参议院对特朗普近期肆无忌惮的关税措施首次公开表态,媒体普遍解读为美国国内建制派对特朗普政策的反对,或者至少是某种程度的制衡。

问题是,上述投票通过的仅是不具约束性的决议,因此制衡的含义大打折扣。与此同时,决议也没有提及任何与国会发挥监督作用的细节,所以上述投票的象征意义大于实际意义。

从议案发起人看,与其说是制衡特朗普,不如说是“发泄情绪”。此项决议案的主要发起人是来自田纳西州的共和党参议员鲍勃·科克和来自亚利桑那州的共和党参议员杰夫·弗莱克。两人最大的共同点就是作为特朗普的激烈批评者,已经被日益“特朗普化”的共和党所孤立,被迫退出今年的国会中期选举。

以现任参议院外交关系委员会主席的科克为例,他本来在特朗普就任之初与总统关系极佳,甚至一度成为国务卿的热门人选。然而,随着特朗普的外交政策日益另类,科克与特朗普渐行渐远。直至科克称白宫由于特朗普的无知已成为“成人日托中心”,双方关系正式破裂。

从投票的时间点看,决议案通过刚好是在特朗普政府宣布再对价值2000亿美元的中国输美商品加征10%关税之后,这显示国会确实对总统的关税措施有所不满。此前,美国对加拿大、墨西哥和欧盟增加钢铝关税,已经激起各方的强烈反对。

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