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国际锐评:“贸易恐怖主义”恶果开始在美国显现

2018-06-27 14:05:59    新华网

贸易战没有赢家”!这是中国、欧盟、加拿大等国对美国挑起贸易战多次发出的警告。然而,白宫的幕僚们始终不以为然,直到他们被引以为傲的“美国制造”深深扎了一刀。

6月25日,有着百余年历史的美国摩托车制造商哈雷—戴维森公司宣布,将它部分摩托车生产转移到海外,以“规避欧盟对美国摩托车开征的报复性关税”。当天,美国五大科技巨头(脸书、亚马逊、苹果、奈飞和谷歌母公司Alphabet)市值蒸发超800亿美元,造成一场由哈雷摩托诱发的“股市血案”。

即使隔着屏幕,全世界都能感觉到特朗普总统心中的熊熊怒火。他连发多条推文,指责哈雷竟然第一个“举起白旗”,并威胁哈雷“会被征收前所未有的高额重税!”“末日要开始了!”

在特朗普看来,哈雷是“美国制造”的杰出代表,更是他入主白宫的功臣。白宫对其贸易伙伴加征关税、对国内企业减税,目的就是要保护像哈雷这样的美企,让他们把更多生产线、资本和工作岗位迁回本土。如今,“功臣”变成了“叛徒”,“最想保护的”变成了“最先跑路的”,这一切与特朗普的初衷背道而驰。

然而,特朗普没有资格指责哈雷,因为正是他所采取的单边贸易保护主义,把哈雷这样的美企逼入了绝境:由于哈雷在美国市场销售下滑,在欧盟销量上升(约占其全球总销量近17%份额),在欧盟近日对美施以关税报复措施下,哈雷摩托车在欧盟的关税税率从6%猛增至31%,这意味着每辆摩托车价格平均上涨2200美元,一年成本增加8000万至1亿美元。转战海外,是哈雷出于企业避险本能,做出的无奈和必然的选择。

作为第一家出走的“美国制造”,哈雷事件预示着特朗普政府的经济政策和贸易政策已经发出失败信号,并将带来一系列连锁反应。目前,美国能源、农业、制造业都很痛苦,随着欧盟、中国、印度、土耳其、墨西哥等越来越多国家对美产品实施报复性关税,白宫恐怕会看到国内更多的“美国制造”出走;如果它要对出走的美企征收前所未有的高额重税,启动“末日”程序,无疑,“贸易恐怖主义”首先会让自家人吞下恶果。

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