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财经观察:世界经济复苏下的三道暗流

2018-04-18 15:26:02    新华网

新华社华盛顿4月18日电  财经观察:世界经济复苏下的三道暗流

新华社记者 金旼旼 高攀 江宇娟

世界经济在2017年展现出别样活力。国际货币基金组织(IMF)17日发布《世界经济展望报告》说,去年全球经济增速达3.8%,高于2016年的3.2%。国际机构普遍预测,今明两年世界经济有望延续去年来的良好势头,增速将进一步加快。

但是,分析人士指出,以贸易保护主义为最大风险的三道暗流,可能令来之不易的世界经济复苏“脱轨”。

  保护主义“乌云”笼罩全球

“当前总体形势虽然光明,但我们能看到更厚重的阴云在天际浮现。”IMF总裁拉加德近日在一次演讲中这样警告。近期,美国频繁挥舞贸易保护大棒,贸易战风险正成为国际社会的普遍担忧。

IMF在报告中指出:“贸易紧张局势加剧,以及对跨境贸易强行设置广泛障碍,不仅将直接损害经济活动,还将削弱信心。”

世界贸易组织上周也警告说,美国对来自中国和欧盟等主要贸易伙伴的进口产品征收关税,引发贸易紧张局势不断加剧,可能已经对商业信心和投资决策产生影响,对经济增长和就业形势造成威胁。

彭博新闻社的研究报告显示,假设特朗普政府挑起的贸易战令全球关税水平提高10%,2020年全球贸易额将萎缩3.7%,全球经济规模将因此缩小0.5%。欧洲央行分析认为,如果美国点燃与贸易伙伴的贸易战,世界经济产值可能出现高达1%的降幅。

“在大规模经济扩张时代,主要经济体却轻率谈论贸易战,这看起来颇为吊诡,尤其是当这种扩张非常依赖于投资和贸易时。”IMF首席经济学家莫里斯·奥布斯特费尔德17日在华盛顿召开的IMF和世界银行春季会议期间说。“贸易限制措施和反制措施可能削弱信心,并导致全球经济增长脱轨。”

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