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英媒:人死后想变成化石很难 但可以人为“加大几率”

2018-03-10 07:46:03    新华网

“在死后,尸体最好位于海拔相对较低的地方,这会成为沉积物的水槽。最好还有积水——比如池塘、湖泊、河口或海洋——这样就有可能形成厌氧环境,”她说。

还有一些罕见的情况,在稳定的厌氧环境下,化石还能保留皮肤、羽毛、内脏这样的柔软组织。例如中国出土的很多身披精细羽毛的恐龙,还有巴伐利亚采石场出土的最早的鸟类始祖鸟的化石。

一旦化石进入生物活跃层以下,它就会稳定下来,随着沉积物的堆积,继续埋入更深处。基德韦尔说:“那时,被破坏的风险就要改用完全不同的地质时间尺度,即构造变动的时间。”

那时,问题就是包裹尸体的沉积物需要多长时间才能变成比较耐久的石块,然后再过多久以后地质活动会把化石送至有侵蚀作用的地方,把它暴露出来。

不用棺材

下面是一个棘手的技术问题:化石究竟是什么——以及你希望自己的身体变成哪种化石。

通常来说,五万年左右的是亚化石,它大体上仍然是生物原本组织构成的。比如洞穴里发现的已经灭绝的更新世大型动物,典型的例子有南美洲的大地獭、欧洲的洞熊和澳大利亚的袋狮。

不过,如果你希望遗体变成能够留存数百万年的化石,那就需要矿物质渗入骨骼,把它变成较为坚硬的物质。这个过程被称作“完全石化”,真正的化石通常要经历这个过程才能完成。它能够存续数百万年。

所以,你可能要舍弃棺材。当富含矿物质的水流过时,骨骼完全石化的速度最快,让铁和钙质渗透到骨骼中。虽然棺材有可能保持骨骼的完好,但是会影响到这一过程。

不过,棺材也可能行得通。新南威尔士大学的古生物学家迈克·阿切尔建议使用水泥棺材,里面装满沙子,侧面钻数百个五毫米口径的洞,然后埋到有地下水流经的深处。

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