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马克龙提重塑欧洲“五大构想”:想让法国再次伟大

2017-09-28 05:27:51   

法新社分析,马克龙的这一方案将惹恼那些实行低税率的国家,如爱尔兰。

马克龙计划,针对美国苹果公司等科技企业开征新税,计税的标准不再是这些公司在欧盟成员国登记的利润,而是它们创造的价值。

另外,马克龙还希望,对金融交易额外征税,用于欧盟海外援助;对进入欧盟的高污染产品征收“碳税”;对欧盟境内高化石燃料消耗型企业征收“碳税”。

年轻人“跨欧洲流动”

马克龙重点强调的还有年轻人发展计划。他希望,欧盟的所有学生能够花上6个月时间到其他成员国交流或学习,了解对方的语言文化、风土人情、地理地貌和政治经济情况。

按照马克龙设想,到2024年,欧盟的所有学生都应会说至少两门欧盟成员国的语言;欧盟大学加强“联网”,让双语学位和跨国学习更为简便易行。

强化民主建设

马克龙建议,欧盟可以在6个月内召集一场“民主大会”,讨论欧盟的未来,鼓励各成员国各社会阶层派代表参与,以充分听取民众意见。

就欧洲议会,马克龙主张,欧盟应抓住英国籍议员将在2019年英国彻底“脱欧”后卷铺盖走人的机会,大力发展“跨国议员”,赋予欧洲议会更大包容度。

陈立希(新华社专特稿)

观察

看上去很美 落实有难度

分析人士指出,马克龙希望法国重新在欧盟事务中获得话语权和掌握欧盟建设的主导权,其提出的建议也很具体、有针对性,但要在短短几年内落实有很大难度。

马克龙在今年法国总统选举中曾承诺要加强欧盟建设。因此,马克龙的这番演讲无疑是为了兑现竞选承诺。但他缘何选择在此时提出这些主张耐人寻味。

分析人士指出,马克龙上台后在欧洲和国际事务上表现抢眼,而在国内事务特别是劳动法改革问题上则遭遇阻力。在他此次演讲过程中,不少学生在场外抗议劳动法改革损害年轻人利益。因此,他继续在自己表现出色的领域发表惊人之语或是为了转移媒体和公众的注意力,减轻国内压力。

此外,德国大选刚刚落幕,结果并不理想,现任总理默克尔领导的执政党赢得大选却损失了议席,默克尔本人在欧盟的地位也受到冲击。德国影响力的下降,客观上为法国增强自身地位提供了契机。马克龙此时发表欧盟改革主张,意欲争夺欧盟建设话语权的意味浓厚。

欧盟委员会主席容克26日晚对马克龙的演讲表示欢迎,认为这是一个“非常体现欧洲精神的讲话,感谢我的朋友马克龙对欧盟工作的支持”。

法国媒体认为,马克龙重塑欧盟的计划十分具体,且直指欧盟焦点问题和长期为人诟病之处,如果能在欧盟内部达成共识并付诸实施,也许会解决欧盟面临的问题。

但也有评论指出,马克龙为如此雄心勃勃的计划设定了时间表,或给自己设下政治陷阱。在欧盟各国拥有主权的情况下,设立共同干预部队、统一反恐司法部门、建立难民接收部门甚至欧洲警察部队,具体实施起来的难度可想而知,更不用说要在短短几年时间内落实。

法国新闻电视台BFMTV评论员表示,马克龙的计划看上去很美,但有点“超现实主义”。

不少欧盟委员在接受媒体采访时表示,实际上马克龙提出的不少主张已经在推进,比如难民问题、边境管控问题等。但欧盟的既有程序使得工作推进缓慢,各成员国为各自利益也不愿轻易让步,这些因素很难在短时间内改变。

新华社记者 应强 张曼

(据新华社巴黎9月26日电)

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