新闻 > 国际
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China

核能发展,安全才能行更远

2017-09-25 07:41:55   新华网

二问 为何高度重视核能建设?

核能是一种低排放、高效率的清洁能源,曾经被视为化石能源最有希望的替代者。但核能的发展历程却并非一帆风顺。如果将1954年苏联的奥布宁斯克核电站投入运营视作核能民用化的开始,核能发电迄今已有60多年的历史。在上世纪六七十年代,发达国家曾出现过核电站的建设高潮,两次石油危机更是推动了核电的迅速发展,目前全球正在运行的441个核电站大部分建于此时。新世纪以来,随着全球电力需求的持续增长,以及能源短缺和环境保护的双重挑战,核能作为一种清洁能源,重新引起各国的关注。不少国家纷纷提出了核电发展计划,一些媒体甚至兴奋地预言“核电即将复兴”。但日本福岛核泄漏事故使核电的发展前景又蒙上了一层阴影,各国开始重新审视和调整本国的核能规划。

美国 美国是世界上核电装机容量和核发电能力最大的国家。根据国际原子能机构的数据,截至2015年底,美国正在运营的商用核电机组共99座,当年核发电量为798太瓦时,在电力消费结构中占比19.5%。2014年5月,美国白宫发布的《全方位能源战略:通往经济可持续增长之路》提出,美国鼓励包括核能在内的各种清洁能源的发展。

为了促进经济增长和改善就业,并通过大力发展尖端的清洁能源技术,引领新的清洁能源产业革命,在福岛核事故发生后的第二年,美国核管制委员会批准了美国南方核电运营公司(SNC)Vogtle核电厂3 号、4 号机组的建造和运营联合许可证,这是美国34年来首次批准新建核电厂。目前,总装机容量为5633兆瓦的5台机组正在建设之中。为了抢占未来全球核电技术的制高点,美国众议院在不久前通过了支持非传统核电技术的法案,以鼓励小型模块化反应堆、非轻水堆的先进反应堆等先进核能技术的研发和应用,确保美国在核能产业继续保持技术优势。

德法 这两个国家一直是全球核能应用的重镇。福岛核电站事故发生后,在民众的压力下,德国政府不得不“挥泪斩马谡”,宣布将永久关闭8个核电站,并于2022年前关闭国内所有的核电站。另一个核能大国法国,则仍对核电依依难舍。法国是目前全球核能依赖度最高的国家,2015年核电占全国电力供应比例高达76.3%。受福岛事故的影响,法国政府也不得不调整核电政策,2015年法国颁布的《能源转型法》规定,到2025年核能占法国能源结构的比重将从目前的75%左右下降至50%。即便如此,核电仍将是法国最大的电力来源。

英国 英国也支持发展核电。北海油气资源趋于枯竭,正在运行的核电站也日益老化,这些都将对英国未来的电力供应产生严重影响。因此,近年来英国对发展核电态度积极。2008年1月,英国发布了《直面能源挑战:核电白皮书》,认为核电应该在英国未来能源结构拥有一席之地。2016年9月,英国政府批准了中英法三方合作的欣克利角C项目,这是英国近20年来建设的首座核电站。捷克、罗马尼亚等东欧国家正在积极推动核电站建设,以缓解电力供给不足。值得注意的是,曾经坚定主张弃核的瑞士、瑞典等国,近年来在核电问题上的立场也开始有所缓和。

上一页2/4下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170925/31509873_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/26 02:50:41

Powered by China
China