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美国军费开支为何“飙高”?

2017-09-23 06:41:58   央广网

而且,西班牙《起义报》近日发表美国宾厄姆顿大学社会学教授詹姆斯·彼得拉斯的文章称,军事精英在特朗普政府作重要决断时扮演重要角色。他们划定战场并迫使政府加强军事化。

特朗普在联大演讲时说:“我们的军队将很快成为有史以来最强大的军队。”正如分析普遍指出的,特朗普政府之所以大幅提高国防预算,核心目的之一是扩军备战,维持美军的全球影响力。

 法案仍存挑战

美国参议院此次通过的2018财年国防授权法案要变成现实还需“过关斩将”。按照美国立法程序,参议院通过的这份法案,将与众议院今年7月通过的版本进行整合,并最终协调出一个版本呈送白宫,由特朗普总统签字才能生效。有分析认为,这份法案要变成现实,还面临几个挑战。

参众两院能否就预算总额达成一致仍存变数。今年7月众议院通过的国防预算总额为6965亿美元,其中基础预算6215亿美元、海外应急行动拨款为750亿美元。参议院批准的则是6920亿美元。双方在支出分配方面存在不小差异,如何协调是个问题。

此外,据新加坡《联合早报》报道,参众两院的预算总额均超过美国国会2011年通过的《预算控制法案》规定的5490亿美元的军费上限。国会必须废除2011年通过的《预算控制法案》规定或调整其上限。如果无法达成协议,自动全面减支计划将自动生效。

此外,为抵消新增国防预算,白宫在今年提交的2018财年联邦政府预算报告中,大幅削减了环保、医保、退休福利等开支,包括废除奥巴马医改并改革医疗补助计划,削减补充营养协助计划即食品券项目,大幅削减联邦雇员退休福利、削减残疾人帮扶项目等。其中,仅美国环保部门的预算就被削减了26亿美元。分析指出,民意也将为法案施加压力。

不过,正如专家指出的,在《预算控制法案》框架下的确可能存在一些挑战,但既然两院都高票放行,应该还是可以追加相关立法来规避《预算控制法》限制的,只是这个过程中会对相关项目进行调整,让更多议员满意,同时在军费中加入更多“政治私货”。

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