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财经观察:电动时代开启 德国车企是否做好准备?

2017-09-17 13:31:42   新华网

困扰消费者的另一个主要问题是,电动车的续航里程和充电时间。目前,电动汽车一次充满电的续航里程在200公里左右,到2020年车企的目标是达到500公里。快充技术是车企和电池生产商的主要攻关方向,但这些领域均需要巨额投资。戴姆勒计划在未来数年向电动汽车领域投资100亿欧元。

利润率方面,电动汽车仅为燃油车的一半。为了缓解推进电动汽车带来的营收压力,各大车企不得不节约成本,戴姆勒就制定了40亿欧元的“成本缩减计划”。

另外,充电桩等配套基础设施建设也对车企的电动化转型构成挑战。欧洲汽车制造商协会就呼吁欧洲各国加强合作,增加基础设施投资。

因此,从现实来看,尽管电动化潮流势不可挡,但德国车企在短期内还将继续倚重清洁柴油技术,销售柴油车。

  中国机遇

目前在全球范围内,出于减排考虑,包括荷兰、英国和法国在内的多国已经宣布禁售燃油车的时间表。在中国,新能源车双积分制呼之欲出,禁售燃油车的时间表也在讨论之中。

在新能源汽车领域,中国是最大的生产和销售市场。2016年,中国新能源汽车产销突破50万辆,累计推广超过100万辆,占全球50%。在电动汽车电池行业,中国也处于领先地位,全球最大的三家电池生产商中,两家为中国企业,分别为比亚迪和宁德时代。

戴姆勒公司的电动汽车咨询师弗兰克·菲舍尔说,德国人思想保守,对电动汽车等新鲜事物接受速度慢,中国市场对电动汽车的接受程度远高于德国。“中国将是未来电动汽车发展的重要目标市场。”

面对中国市场的巨大机遇,德国车企制定了详尽的中国市场计划。戴姆勒在车展期间表示,奔驰将与中国合作伙伴北汽集团一起,在2020年前开始电动车系列EQ的本地化生产。大众也已与中国江淮汽车宣布成立合资公司,专注新能源汽车整车研发和生产。另外,德国汽车供应商博世集团也与百度公司合作,就自动驾驶项目达成协议。

业内分析人士认为,合资企业有助于德国车企等外国品牌完成电动化目标,也有利于中国新能源汽车产业升级。

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