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探索火星50多年 NASA到底在找什么?

2017-09-17 05:36:36   中国青年网

有水就意味有生命?

可是,找到这种含盐量极高的“卤水”有什么了不起?麦克尤恩指出,依据人类现有的认知,在地球上有水的地方,几乎就会有生命存在。这并不是人类在火星第一次找到生命可能存在的线索。“好奇”号火星车此前已在火星发现了来源未知的甲烷气体以及其他有机分子,并被广泛认为是原始生命存在的潜在迹象,但科学家认为,这不足以证明火星上曾经有微生物存在。

另外,不容忽视的是,寻找一些对生命存活有致命负面作用的物质也在美国的火星探测计划中。2008年,美国“凤凰”号探测器曾在火星土壤中检测到了高氯酸盐,在火星上发现这种化合物让不少对“火星生命”抱有希望的科学家大呼失望。因为高氯酸盐是一种强氧化物,通常会对微生物的存活不利。地球上也自然存在少量高氯酸化合物,但通常在沙漠等荒芜地质环境中。

但不管怎样,求证液态水的存在让“火星生命”的猜测更进一步。尽管奥杰哈的发现也不能直接证明地外生命的存在,但航天局副局长约翰?格伦斯菲尔德指出,确定火星有液态水的存在,即使只是来源不明的“卤水”,也将大幅增加火星微生物类生命存在的可能性。

火星或许保存了关于我们自身的秘密

问题来了。在一个人类迄今无法到达的遥远星球上,费尽周折,找到肉眼看不见、更不能进行对话的微生物到底有什么意义?有时候,最重要的信息恰恰通过最细微的事物传递。微生物就是一例。极端环境将它们推向生命存活的边缘,而或许只有它们才有可能携带密钥,坚守下去,回答“人类是否孤独”,甚至“我们来自哪里”这样的问题。

不少科学家相信,微生物或许就存在太阳系的某个角落。木卫二、木卫三、土卫二和土卫六已经发现了冰冻表面下有水的证据,甚至还发现了间歇泉和温泉,这些巨大的“温泉浴场”或许就是它们的家园。板块运动、侵蚀和气候变化,已将几十亿年前的地球记录深藏起来。

科学家认为,人类或许可以在火星上尝试寻找人类起源的蛛丝马迹,火星或许保存了关于我们自身的秘密。无论人类将来在火星上找到的答案是什么,一个可以衡量生命的新标准也许都有可能就此建立。探索火星,探索宇宙,或许就是人类在不断寻找自己。

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