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缅甸若开邦:局势渐稳 问题难解

2017-09-13 18:31:30   新华网

缅甸1948年1月独立后,阿拉干地区成为缅甸7大民族邦之一的若开邦。但包括若开族在内的许多缅甸人认为这些外来者后裔不是缅甸国民,缅甸官方也用宾格利人来称呼这些人。

2012年5月,一名若开族女性遭奸杀,由此引发若开邦两大族群流血冲突,导致上百人丧生。缅甸政府随即在若开邦实行紧急状态。缅甸政府于2016年3月解除若开邦的紧急状态。同年10月,若开邦孟都地区3个边防警察局遭到袭击,造成9名警察死亡。缅甸政府将这起事件定性为恐怖袭击,军警部队随后在当地展开清剿行动,至今年3月才结束。

  良方难寻

缅甸新政府上台以来很重视若开邦问题,国务资政昂山素季亲自担任若开邦实现和平与发展委员会主席。

去年8月,国务资政府部宣布成立若开邦事务顾问委员会,邀请联合国前秘书长科菲·安南担任主席。今年8月23日,该委员会提交最终报告,提出一系列建议,包括改善底层社会经济发展状况,开展若开邦各族群全面对话,加强地方族群与若开邦政府和中央政府间合作,加强缅甸与孟加拉国边境安全和双边合作等。

缅甸国务资政府部8月24日宣布,将全面考虑报告内容,依据实际情况尽快制订出落实报告建议的路线图。但就在8月25日,若开邦再次发生恐袭事件。在缅甸政府看来,这最新一波袭击是针对最终报告,也是为阻挠缅甸政府争取若开邦和平的努力。

9月12日晚,缅甸总统府宣布成立若开邦问题建议执行委员会,负责落实若开邦事务顾问委员会的最终报告建议,采取措施避免在恢复若开邦稳定行动中伤害无辜平民,解决当地经济社会问题。来自国内外的人道主义救援物资将通过执行委员会一视同仁地分发给所有受影响的民众。

分析人士认为,若开邦问题十分复杂,短期内难以彻底解决,最终还是要通过对话合作来寻找出路。

就若开邦局势,中国外交部发言人耿爽近日在例行记者会上指出,中方谴责日前缅甸若开邦发生的暴力袭击事件,支持缅方为维护若开邦的和平稳定所做的努力,真诚地希望当地尽快恢复稳定,民众恢复正常生活。与此同时,我们认为国际社会应该支持缅方为维护国家发展稳定所做的努力,应该为妥善解决若开邦问题创造良好的外部条件。

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