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强飓风“艾尔玛”冲击美国佛州 超700万人紧急撤离

2017-09-12 05:52:20   中国青年网

美国国家飓风中心11日早间的最新预报称,“艾尔玛”在登陆后以每小时约169千米的速度掠过佛罗里达半岛西部海滨城市坦帕,此后减弱为热带风暴,向北边的佐治亚州方向继续移动,未来也将给佐治亚、阿拉巴马、田纳西等地带来强降雨。据佛罗里达州官员分析,情况最严重的时刻还未到来,等飓风继续向北移动,风暴眼离开佛罗里达沿岸的时候,会继续给该地带来狂风和降水。佛罗里达州州长里克?斯科特在接受福克斯电视台采访时说:“人们问我可以做什么,我只能为佛罗里达的每一个人祈祷。”

强飓风“艾尔玛”9月10日早间登陆美国佛罗里达州,引发狂风、风暴洪潮、暴雨等气象灾害。新华社发

应急救灾机制和气候变化政策受拷问

数周之内,两场威力巨大的飓风“哈维”和“艾尔玛”先后袭击美国,这在美国历史上是罕见的。美国的应急救灾机制、长期应对气候变化的政策因此也引起了美国社会的反思。

美国多个部门参与救灾,联邦、州和地方政府部门的协调并不容易。灾害发生后,对灾区第一时间提供紧急救援对历届政府来说都是挑战。当地时间9月8日下午,特朗普签署一项法案,向受“哈维”飓风影响的灾民及其他救灾项目拨款超过150亿美元,其中拨款74亿美元用作“艾尔玛”飓风等其他自然灾害救灾资金。这是为解救燃眉之急特朗普主动与国会民主党领袖达成的妥协。作为妥协的一部分,特朗普同意美国政府举债上限延长至12月15日,这一决定引起部分共和党议员不满。

接连出现的飓风也使人们重新思考美国的气候变化政策。一些科学家认为,气候变化使得“艾尔玛”这类强飓风登陆的几率大大增加,因为飓风都是从较为温暖的海洋洋面形成,全球气候变暖无疑加剧了飓风的生成。

迈阿密市市长托马斯?里加拉多说:“总统、环境保护署等所有决策者都需要思考气候变化的问题。如果飓风不算气候变化,不知道什么能称作气候变化。”《纽约时报》评论称,海平面、气温上升同飓风加剧之间的关系再简单不过了,只不过科学议题在美国也越来越政治化,在华盛顿谈论气候变化同谈论控枪一样,变成一个有争议的话题。

特朗普多次声称气候变化是一场“骗局”,并在其就任总统后退出了《巴黎协定》。美国环保署署长斯科特?普鲁特认为汽车、发电站等排放的二氧化碳等温室气体不是气候变暖的主要原因,因此废除多项应对气候变化的措施。

美国新政府上台后,同时推行减税、减赤计划,再加上共和党保守力量的推动,大幅削减应对气候变化、天气预警、社会福利等方面的开支。白宫提交的预算报告计划在2018年削减环保署开支26亿美元,而国会众议院正在审议的预算草案计划削减开支5.28亿美元,减少约1/5的工作人员。

此外,美国国家海洋和大气管理局的预算也减少了16%,负责气候变化的海洋和大气研究所的预算则被削减32%,国家气象局的预算也被削减了8200万美元。美国联邦政府主要负责救灾的美国联邦应急管理局的预算被削减了6亿美元。这些行动是否恰当,引起美国舆论反思。

(本报华盛顿9月11日电)

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