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蓝庆新:七措并举创新和深化金砖国家合作机制

2017-09-05 20:15:45   中国网

第二,加强金砖国家在金融领域的合作机制建设。经过多年发展,金砖国家在国际金融体系中的地位不断上升,但是各自在国际金融体系中的地位仍与自身经济地位不相适应,需要在金融合作机制建设方面有所创新。金砖国家间可以在现有的金砖国家新开发银行和应急储备安排的基础上,重视开发性金融在推动金砖国家合作中的作用,加强双边基础设施投资合作,加强与国际开发性金融机构,特别是与亚洲基础设施投资银行等新兴开发性金融机构的共同合作,研究和推动具体项目落地,促进金砖国家间开发性金融体系建设。签署扩大双边货币互换协议,更多地采用本国货币完成双边贸易结算,规避采用第三方货币带来的额外汇率风险,通过应急储备安排和双边货币互换协议等方式构筑金融安全网,在成员国面临短期国际收支压力时提供国际流动性支持,增进金砖国家的外部金融稳定。

第三,推动金砖国家相互间国际大宗商品价格协调机制建设。金砖国家在国际经济领域中地位不断提升以及自身产业结构和贸易结构的发展状况,其在国际大宗商品交易领域中的地位日益凸显,在国际大宗商品交易份额也在不断上升。俄罗斯、巴西、南非构成了国际大宗商品的供给方,中国和印度则构成了国际大宗商品的需求方,并且金砖国家目前在国际上的影响力和未来的发展潜力,其在世界大宗商品交易中占据着举足轻重的地位。然而,金砖五国在大宗商品交易价格上的定价权方面却显得与其供需地位严重不匹配,基本上只能被动接受国际市场的价格。近十年来,国际大宗商品价格总体呈“波动加剧”的运行态势,金砖国家作为全球重要的能源资源生产国、消费国和贸易国,全球大宗商品价格的大幅波动必然会对其宏观经济稳定以及经济增长产生负面影响。改进金砖国家间大宗商品贸易的定价机制有助于规避国际大宗商品价格波动的风险和冲击,同时也是对现有的国际大宗商品定价机制的重要补充。金砖国家可以通过采用本币结算,避免美元定价结算中由于美元波动带来的风险,降低交易成本;签订大宗商品交易的长期合同来锁定远期价格;设立国际大宗商品储备基金,构建对话协调机制、缓冲存货机制、平准约束机制和共同干预机制来稳定国际大宗商品价格;尝试构建金砖国家国际大宗商品交易平台,探讨建设大宗商品交易的贸易和金融新模式,推动大宗商品交易合作机制创新,来改变发达国家控制国际大宗商品价格的局面,提升金砖国家在国际大宗商品定价领域的影响力。

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