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特稿:中国核电技术在国际合作之路上迈进

2017-08-31 12:40:56   新华网

所谓第三代核电技术,是在两个方面做了加强,即严重事故应对与缓解的措施以及概率安全指标。中方在开发“华龙一号”过程中走了一条中间路线,在确保上述两方面性能提升的同时,没有一味追求新技术,“这样的话我们工程风险会减小,成熟性会比较高,带给我们的经济性也就会好一些”,中广核英国项目首席技术官毛庆解释说。

据他介绍,英国通用设计审查周期长、难度大。目前,全世界有5种堆型申请了英国通用设计审查,法国的欧洲压水反应堆技术耗时66个月通过;美国的AP1000核电技术在通过美国监管当局审查的情况下,仍被提出几十项改进意见,耗时约10年才获得英国当局审查通过。

因此,如果“华龙一号”最终通过这一审查,将产生良好的示范效应,会有更多国家增强对中国核电技术的信心,提升“华龙一号”在国际市场的影响力和竞争力,助推中国从“核电大国”向“核电强国”转变。

鉴于核电项目的复杂性,其整体成本和安全性是非常关键的因素,而中方在与国际同行开展合作过程中已积累了不少经验,人才储备和技术实力等方面也获得对方高度认同。这也是中方能在布拉德维尔B项目上起主导的基础。

法国电力集团负责布拉德韦尔相关项目的总监理查德·梅森说,中方的能力让他印象深刻,“中广核已建立了非常好的安全风险管理文化,并且有很高的运营水平”。

 国际合作前景

鉴于核电项目涉及大量投资和技术研发,单靠一方的力量很难完成,国际合作将是该领域重要趋势。在英国成熟的商业化市场,政府也倾向于通过引入国际投资来完成核电建设。

梅森认为,这种趋势对中国和英国都是非常好的机会,“英国需要电力,也需要投资,中广核与法国电力都将此视为让‘华龙一号’技术走向国际市场的好时机”。

对中国企业来说,无论是核电还是高铁都是技术密集型投资项目,把新技术带到国际市场的过程中难免会遇到各种挑战。

郑东山认为,为了推动核电技术装备走出去,中国企业应主动去了解所在国法律法规监管要求,以及市场状况和期望。“不是简单的输出一种设备或者输出技术,而是我们对市场环境和监管措施等各方面熟悉后,怎么样既能把项目做成,也能使这个产业上的合作实现一个比较好的目标。”

“只有怀着开放、合作的心态,才会在今后形成一种共赢局面,也使我们在这儿能够比较顺利地实现项目目标。”郑东山说。

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