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尿液变身饮用水
在NASA众多变尿为宝的努力中,将宇航员的尿液和汗水等转变为饮用水的探索进行得比较早,因为尿液中含有大约95%的水,如果从国际空间站的厕所中可以循环使用更多的水,那将减少运水到空间站的成本。这项研究也取得了初步的成功,在美国史密森电视频道6月播出的纪录电影《美国的秘密航天英雄》中,NASA的“尿液处理首席工程师”——对,你没看错,就是“尿液处理首席工程师”——普鲁埃特就介绍了在太空将尿液转变为饮用水的方法。
根据普鲁埃特的介绍,在收集到自己的尿液后(包括从国际空间站空气中过滤出来的水分,其中大部分是宇航员的汗水),宇航员必须在其中加入额外的外学物质,以阻止尿液的分解、防止细菌滋生。
随后,宇航员会使用离心机进行尿液的物质分离,在此过程中,尿液受到离心力的作用发生运动和物质分离,浓度较大的液体将黏附在容器壁上,而浓度较小的则会随着蒸发作用被吸入上方,接着进入下一步骤的净化设备中。
最终,处理完成的尿液蒸馏液会被送入一台专门的水处理器进行过滤处理,最终得到可供宇航员饮用的洁净水。
NASA估计,平均每位宇航员在长达一年的任务中需要喝下730升回收自尿液和汗水的水。但据美国宇航员透露,来自俄罗斯的宇航员拒绝饮用尿液净化而成的饮用水。(记者 温俊华)
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