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宇航员尿液或可转化为塑料:在太空中制造成工具

2017-08-24 09:37:56   中国经济网

在太空中利用人类排泄便的方案并不是新鲜事,国际空间站的宇航员已将他们的汗水、洗澡水和尿液转变成饮用水

新浪科技讯 北京时间8月24日消息,据国外媒体报道,目前,研究人员研制了一种方法,可以将宇航员尿液和呼出的二氧化碳转变成塑料,并在太空中制造成工具。

在太空中利用人类排泄便的方案并不是新鲜事,国际空间站的宇航员已将他们的汗水、洗澡水和尿液转变成饮用水。科学家提出的最新系统依赖于特殊的酵母菌株,使用尿液中的尿素和宇航员呼出的二氧化碳制造聚酯化合物,它可作为3D打印机原料,制造新的塑料部件。同时,其它酵母菌株可以制造基本的欧米加-3脂肪酸,为宇航员提供营养物质。

这项研究能够确保长时间太空旅行,使未来实现火星旅行成为可能。该研究报告发布在日前召开的第254届美国化学学会博览会和国家会议上,据悉,美国化学学会是世界上最大的科学研究机构之一。

研究负责人、美国南卡罗来纳州克莱姆森大学研究员马克·布雷恩(Mark Blenner)博士指出,宇航员不可能在太空环境中携带大量配件,因为每增加1盎司重量都会增加太空飞船摆脱地球引力消耗的燃料。

科学家提出的最新系统依赖于特殊的酵母菌株,使用尿液中的尿素和宇航员呼出的二氧化碳制造聚酯化合物,它可作为3D打印机原料,制造新的塑料部件

布雷恩博士说:“如果宇航员进行为期几年的太空旅行,我们需要发现一种方法再利用和回收他们携带的任何物品,‘原子经济’将变得非常重要。”

依据布雷恩博士的观点,解决方案的部分原因在于,宇航员们将不断地产生排泄物,并且他们需要呼吸氧气,进食和使用材料。然而,人类在太空中的排泄物不能像在地球上随意丢弃,布雷恩博士和研究小组正在分析如何再利用人类排泄物中的分子,并将它们转换制造成材料,供给宇航员使用,例如:聚酯和营养物质。

例如:像欧米加-3脂肪酸这样的必需营养素,保质期仅有几年时间。如果宇航员进行一次长期太空任务,他们必须旅行途中消耗完毕,因为一些太空旅行时间需要几年时间。

布雷恩博士说:“宇航员需要一个生物系统,能够从休眠状态苏醒过来,并开始制造他们所需的物品,这是我们研究项目的真实动机。”这个生物系统包含解脂耶氏酵母等多种酵母菌株。

这些酵母菌株生长需要氮和碳,布雷恩博士带领的研究小组发现,酵母可以从未处理尿液中的尿素获取氮。它们还能从二氧化碳中获取碳,二氧化碳可能来自于宇航员呼出的气体,或者火星大气层。

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