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巴黎公共单车的亮色与暗影

2017-08-21 04:31:23   光明网

  盗损名堂多 成本控制难

虽然公共单车的出现极大方便了人们的出行,但是“盗窃和破坏”仍是每一个拥有公共单车系统的城市无法回避和绕开的问题,巴黎也不例外。数据显示,“Vélib’”运营第一年,就至少有3000辆单车被盗,到2009年8月,投入运营的自行车有20600辆,但这期间更换了16000辆自行车,大多是因为被盗或人为损坏,占自行车运营总量的80%。仅2015年,巴黎公共单车系统就有9000辆自行车被损坏或被盗。截至2016年夏天,整个城市的35个租赁站因为车辆缺失或需要维修而被迫关闭。在上述被盗或被破坏的情形中,不乏把自行车扔到塞纳河里,或挂在路灯灯竿上的恶劣行为出现,还有不少单车被藏在集装箱中,运往非洲或东欧国家进行销售。更有甚者,据法国媒体爆料,公共单车被盗案件中有不少是监守自盗,即运营商自己员工盗窃自行车,同时运营商夸大被盗数字,以便与政府谈判时增加筹码,让政府多给补贴。巴黎前副市长丹尼斯·博潘就曾公开指责德高集团故意通过媒体夸大公共单车被盗数字以便从政府套取补贴。因为根据合同,被盗和自行车人为损坏是政府管理不善造成的,由政府负责给运营商补贴,每更替一辆自行车补贴400欧元。

前文曾经提及,巴黎公共单车的新车成本高达650欧元,而遭损坏或破坏的自行车的维修费用平均为450欧元。负责监测该计划的巴黎市政厅官员表示,2015年因公共单车被盗和维修花去的成本为100万欧元。也正是因为盗窃和破坏,该系统启动时承诺投放2.38万辆自行车的目标一直没有实现,目前只有1.4万辆投入使用。

针对以上情况,巴黎市政府和公共单车运营商一直进行文明、安全骑车宣传,鼓励使用者参与到公共单车的管理维护中。当使用者发现自行车有故障需要维修时,会把车座水平旋转180度,维修人员发现扭转的车座就会进行维修,大大提高了维修效率,确保公共单车的完好率,减少潜在的安全风险。

  预计要涨价 或许有商机

与此同时,在2018年更换运营商后,巴黎公共单车的价格也将进行上调以应对越来越“入不敷出”的窘境。据了解,调整后的年费将上涨35%左右。基本套餐将从29欧元上涨到39欧元,而高级套餐可能从39欧元上涨到45欧元或49欧元。短期租赁费用一样也要上调:原先租赁一辆共享单车最初半个小时可以享受1欧元起步费的优惠价格,而现在这个起步时间则可能缩短至15分钟。

随着国内共享单车的蓬勃发展,不少企业也将目光瞄准了存在广泛需求的海外市场。相较于欧洲普遍的有桩式共享单车而言,国内的无桩式单车拥有成本更为低廉,租赁和归还更为方便,支付方式多样便捷等优点。而单纯依靠企业维持运营的模式,也能够让各个城市的政府不必对企业进行补贴,能够减轻不少财政上的压力。

然而,在气候、法律、民众习惯等均存在不小差异的欧洲诸国,如何因地制宜地推广中国共享单车或许是中国企业所需要重点考虑的因素。尤其是单车任意停放会破坏市容、挤占公共空间,增加行人安全风险和单车的偷盗损坏等实际问题,在让当地政府和市民感到不适应的同时,也会对相关企业在国外推行共享单车项目造成一定的阻碍。

  (光明日报巴黎8月20日电)

《光明日报》( 2017年08月21日 10版)

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