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纽约地铁大修陷入“钱荒”

2017-08-14 09:21:57   中国经济网

针对向富人征税计划,纽约大都会运输管理局主席勒霍塔表示,纽约市政府终于意识到了他们对纽约地铁的所有权以及需要大批资金对地铁进行现代化改造,但他们没有意识到当下就需要维护费用。共和党籍州参议院议长约翰·弗拉纳根则表示,提高税收并不能解决问题。纽约市有42亿美元的财政盈余,完全可以利用现有资源修缮地铁,无需将手伸到民众的钱包里。

投资不足、维护和改造拖延导致现在问题重重

“几十年来,投资不足、维护和现代化改造几经拖延,导致现在问题重重。”纽约州州长安德鲁·科莫认为,纽约地铁改造的重点是加快列车更新换代、建设新的信号系统,以及改造供电网络。

面对日益庞大的维护和修缮费用,如何筹措资金,成为困扰纽约州和市政府多年的难题。科莫此前承诺拿出10亿美元用于维护、改造地铁,并要求在30天内拿出改造方案。而勒霍塔随后提出,纽约大都会运输管理局将实行拆除部分地铁座位的计划,并将增加新建地铁、改造车站和增加工作人员等。勒霍塔要求纽约州政府为这一计划拨款8.36亿美元,并要求80亿美元作为长期检修费用。

纽约州政府与纽约市政府,到底谁该支付纽约地铁的天价修缮费呢?对此,德布拉西奥与科莫各执一词。科莫认为,纽约市是纽约地铁的所有者,应当为地铁修缮出更多钱。德布拉西奥则以纽约地铁受纽约州管辖为由,拒绝和纽约州分摊相关费用。

根据规定,纽约地铁为纽约市政府所有,但由纽约大都会运输管理局负责运营,纽约州州长科莫负责任命该局局长。据路透社报道,对于纽约地铁,纽约市政府每年拨款10.6亿美元,地铁票收入约为60亿美元。而对于纽约大都会运输管理局提出的325亿美元长期发展计划,市政府承诺提供20亿美元,州政府则承诺提供约93亿美元。

然而,政府打算提高财政拨款需要通过极为复杂的程序。地铁也不能随意涨价,必须经过纽约大都会运输管理局董事会投票批准。

破旧的纽约地铁仅是美国基础设施现状的冰山一角

破旧的纽约地铁仅是美国基础设施现状的冰山一角。美国总统特朗普曾说,“无法接受糟糕的美国基础设施”。根据美国道路和交通运输建设者协会公布的数据,美国约5.6万座桥梁有“结构缺陷”,超过1/4的桥梁已经使用了50年以上,超过2/3的道路急需维修或是翻新。

为了改变现状,特朗普提出了1万亿基础设施建设计划(万亿基建计划),以改造老旧的公路、桥梁、机场及其他资产,促进就业并推动美国经济增长。但该计划同样也面临“钱从何来”的尴尬。

特朗普的万亿基建投资计划,其中有2000亿美元来自联邦政府资金,但如何用这2000亿美元来撬动所谓的1万亿,美国政府并没有给出细节。

有分析认为,加强基础设施建设符合美国当前的经济现状,民主党和共和党对此有一定共识,但在医改法案遇阻之后,美国各界开始担心特朗普政府的基建计划能否得到国会足够支持。鉴于该计划可能遭到民主党的反对而受阻于国会,万亿基建计划能在多大程度上实现仍有待观察。

(本报华盛顿8月13日电)

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