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记者手记:铭记历史 警示后人——从展览看德国对战争罪行的反思

2017-08-13 20:55:48   新华网

臭名昭著的万湖会议旧址如今已经成为博物馆。1942年1月,由纳粹德国国家安全总局局长海德里希在这里主持召开会议,制定了大规模屠杀犹太人的计划。

博物馆展出的一份文件显示,纳粹政权驱赶走犹太人后,很多民众申请接收那些犹太人房产。这个细节提醒人们,在对待犹太人问题上,普通民众并未置身事外。

德国记者、作家施特凡·舒曼告诉记者,老一辈德国人的负罪感非常强烈,正是因为他们有些人与那场浩劫直接相关。

在阿登纳基金会参观展览的洪堡大学语言学博士生尼尔斯·希尔施认为,虽然年轻人没有直接对那段历史负责,但是“这种内疚和对战争罪行的反思,已经成为战后德意志民族整体身份认同的一部分。”

“早在1966年,德国前总理康拉德·阿登纳就曾说道:‘那些否认我们对犹太人和以色列国负有特殊义务的人,不仅是历史上和道德上的盲人,也是政治上的盲人。’”克莱恩-克拉尼博格说。

德国彻底反思战争罪行的态度,深刻地影响了本国外交政策。历届德国政府和总理对以色列恪守特别的安全承诺,一直履行对大屠杀遇难者家属的赔偿和对战争罪犯的追责。

为真诚表达赎罪态度,德国前总理勃兰特在华沙犹太人起义死难者纪念碑前下跪,现任总理默克尔在以色列国会的历史性演讲中鞠躬致歉。

正是这样的彻底反思,让德国重新赢得邻国和世界的信任。也正是因为这样的彻底反思,帮助德国卸下沉重的历史包袱。

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