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美国洲际导弹拦截试验成色如何?专家:技术不成熟

2017-06-08 21:06:03   中国军网

岳松堂说,陆基拦截弹是陆基中段防御系统的核心,也是美军此次试验的重点。此次测试版陆基中段防御系统更新的,也正是杀伤飞行器的发动机。他解释说,在这个试验中,不管是井式发射还是X波段雷达,技术都相对成熟,主要还是要解决陆基拦截弹或者说杀伤飞行器的问题。

徐青也认为,陆基中段防御系统的技术核心和难点,主要在于陆基拦截弹上的外大气层杀伤飞行器。他介绍说,目前,陆基中段防御系统的杀伤飞行器已发展到第二代(CE-2)。CE-2于2008年开始部署,但在2010年的两次拦截试验均以失败告终。同年,美国启动CE-2 Block1的研制工作,试图重新设计杀伤飞行器,但最终只进行了有限重新设计,具体工作包括研制了新的姿/轨控系统,提高了该杀伤飞行器制导系统的机动性与可靠性,并对电气系统进行了改进。此次洲际弹道导弹拦截试验,是美军对新设计的CE-2 Block1首次进行检验。

技术还不成熟

研发至今,美国陆基中段防御系统一直处于舆论漩涡,此次试验亦不例外。

美导弹防御局局长詹姆斯·叙林称此次拦截试验对美国本土防御具有重要意义,是美发展陆基中段防御系统的“重要里程碑”。

而俄前空军特种司令部防空导弹部队指挥官谢尔盖·哈特列夫则表示:“现在谈重大成就还为时过早,需要在各种条件下进行多次试射。如果受到干扰和对抗,(拦截弹的)射程和命中率可能降低50%。”韩国《民族日报》也刊文称,此次试验和过去一样,是在控制条件下实现的结果。

对于此次试验究竟成色几何,岳松堂表示,虽然此次拦截洲际导弹靶弹试验取得了成功,但并不能说明美国的陆基拦截弹在技术上就已经成熟。鉴于美国拦截失败的历史,不能因为这次成功就认为下次还会成功。而且在实战环境中拦截将更加困难,成功率会更低,并且拦截试验也没在夜间进行过。

“1999年开始至今,美国陆基中段防御系统拦截试验共进行了18次,其中成功10次、失败8次,失败率高达44%。”徐青说,它总体的拦截成功率还比较低,因此现在还不能下“技术成熟”的结论,只能说这一系统的技术可行性得到进一步验证。

破坏战略平衡

此次试验的时间与朝鲜近期连续试射导弹相吻合,美国官方还明确表示,试验的主要目的是增强美国针对朝鲜远程导弹的防御能力。

然而实际上,这次拦截试验与朝鲜近期连续试射导弹更像时间上的“巧合”。徐青介绍,这一试验本来计划在去年进行,由于某些技术上的原因才拖延至今。岳松堂说,美军方进行类似的反导试验时总是提到朝鲜或伊朗的导弹威胁,基本都是借口,其实它一直追求的都是对其他大国的绝对战略优势。

其实,回顾历史也不难发现,美军发展包括陆基中段防御系统在内的导弹防御系统的步调是一贯的、也是持续的。美军未来还将进一步扩充陆基拦截弹的规模。

在特朗普政府最近向国会提交的2018财年国防预算申请中,为导弹防御申请的经费达79亿美元,其中陆基中段防御系统占15亿美元。

值得注意的是,美国不断发展导弹防御系统,犹如给自己多穿上一层盔甲,将破坏当前基于相互确保摧毁的“恐怖平衡”,导致军备竞赛,甚至激发先发制人的冲动。

在5月31日举行的例行记者会上,中国外交部发言人华春莹表示,希望有关各方在反导问题上慎重行事,以免给全球和地区安全与稳定带来不利影响。

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