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特朗普的小目标:先招他个4000人 再花掉1万亿美元

2016-11-13 10:35:45   每日经济新闻

特朗普在大获全胜之后的讲话中宣称,新政府的主要关注点就是更新美国境况不佳的基建设施并增加就业,“我们将重修高速公路、桥梁、隧道和机场……到时,我们的基建设施将是世界一流的。”

去过美国的人都知道,相比中国的基础设施,美国的基础设施不但老,而且破,一条桥梁、公路、铁路动辄上百年的历史。每经小编(微信号:nbdnews)找到以下一组数据,足以说明这种情况:

美国最老的大桥之一纽约布鲁克林大桥(1883年交工) 在纽约总计162座大桥中,有11%已经超过100 年历史图片来源:卫报(The Guardian)

特朗普究竟有多偏好基础设施投资?他竞选时的国家安全高级顾问詹姆斯·伍尔西11月10日在香港《南华早报》上发表观点文章称,奥巴马政府未能加入亚投行被广泛认为是美国的“战略错误”,亚投行即专注于基础设施投资。

特朗普计划在未来十年动用足足1万亿美元来大兴基建。这万亿美元巨资从哪里来?特朗普的打算是让其他人出钱,而非政府特别是私营部门,特朗普打算通过1400亿美元的税收优惠来鼓励私营部门出资。

不过,即便投入1万亿美元,这对美国的基础设施改造仍然不够。按照美国土木工程师协会的估计,政府将不得不在2020年前花费3.6万亿美元用于基建修补。

尽管1万亿美元远远不够,但要筹集这“区区”1万亿美元也并不容易,尤其是在特朗普打算全部依赖私人投资的情况下。

《华尔街日报》援引行业官员和专家的话说,私营部门可以提供的资金数额很可能是有限的。因为私营部门投资工程项目需要转化为利润,他们更适合于收费公路、机场、水利设施等重大项目,不太适合重新铺设公用街道这种需要日常维护的项目。

行业官员们还怀疑,没有大笔公共资金注入,老旧的基建设施是否还能更新。“我觉得他的计划更像是纸上谈兵,”国际桥梁、隧道和公路协会执行董事Pat Jones如此评价道。除此之外,特朗普的基建计划可能也会遭遇政治阻力。

尽管民主党和共和党都同意更新公共交通设施的必要性,但该计划的最大挑战就是资金来源问题。奥巴马政府曾提议通过公司税制改革来增加政府公共收入,以便为基建等出资,但这一计划去年被国会驳回了。

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