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原标题:美媒:在猪体内培育人类器官,这道德吗?
【环球时报综合报道】 英语中,Chimera一词指遗传学上的“嵌合体”,也指希腊神话中狮头、羊头、蛇尾的喷火怪物“喀迈拉”。每当有半兽试验的相关进展从科学界传出,西方媒体在报道中就会搬出这只“怪兽”表达对未知科学前景的担忧。
据多家英国媒体报道,实施“人猪嵌合胚胎”试验的团队绝非罗斯团队一个。美国明尼苏达大学神经外科学教授沃尔特·洛的团队试图通过“基因编辑”技术,在猪体内制造能生产多巴胺的人类神经元,以治愈帕金森症。“培育每一个器官我都会严密监视猪大脑的情况,一旦发现像人,我们会立刻让它停止生长”,沃尔特说。
在NPR报道中,斯坦恩称,类似试验之所以争议巨大,首先在于不论罗斯还是其他科学家,他们实际上并不清楚人类干细胞在猪体内会有何种走向,他们希望猪体内只培育出病人需要的器官,但也许会长出别的东西,如大脑,理论上会令动物产生“人类意识”。另一个担忧是,如果注射进猪体内的人类干细胞在“嵌合胚胎”中发育成人类的精子和卵子,那么当一头雄性“人猪合体猪”与雌性“人猪合体猪”交配,会导致一个人类胚胎在雌性“人猪合体猪”的子宫中发育,也就是说,一头猪会生出一个“半人半猪”。但文章并未解释雄性“人猪合体猪”从何而来。
“在猪体内培育人类器官,这道德吗?”美国《新闻周刊》4日以此为题的文章讲了斯坦福大学干细胞研究者中内启光的故事,此人也是罗斯团队成员。日媒称,他此前因“等了很久都不见日本放宽研究限制”,于2014年将研究从东京大学转到斯坦福。《新闻周刊》说,除“人猪嵌合胚胎”,中内与罗斯还在试验“人羊嵌合胚胎”,猪和羊的妊娠期分别是114天和152天,所以他们让“嵌合胚胎”存活28天是安全的。文章说,美国当下有超过12万患者等待器官移植,每天平均有22人死于没有器官。那些质疑试验侵犯人类尊严的人应该思考一个问题:难道明明有新科技能提供器官,却仍见死不救,就是有尊严吗?这样的质问绝不会出自动物保护主义者之口,BBC称,后者担心这种“杀猪取器官”的试验会增加动物痛苦,沦为人类的“器官农场”。美国《赫芬顿邮报》说,如果人性是慈悲的同义词,如果只有人类具有善待其他物种的道德力,那么我们继续这类试验,是否等于放弃了成为人的能力?
【环球时报驻英国、德国特约记者 纪双城 青木 环球时报记者 刘洋 倪浩 柳玉鹏】
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