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硅纳米线和人类细胞同处一“室”,竟被细胞“吞噬”!据美国电气与电子工程师协会《光谱》杂志网站近日报道,美国芝加哥大学研究人员将人体内皮细胞与硅纳米线放在同一个培养皿中,利用电子显微镜和特制光学成像工具,首次视频呈现“吞噬”细节。这项发表在《科学进展》杂志上的新研究,能帮助开发出突破人体屏障的给药机制,以及对细胞内特定细胞器实施精准电刺激的生物电疗法。
硅纳米线具有生物兼容性、高导电性以及超细特性,能绕过人体天然屏障,携带小分子药物直接“喂”给细胞,且不会造成损伤。但之前一直无法弄清“吞噬”现象的具体细节,现在芝加哥大学材料科学家田博志(音译)带领团队首次拍摄到“吞噬”过程,向开发出基于这一现象的工具迈出了重要一步。
研究团队设计出一种特殊的散射增强相位对比成像仪(SEPC),结合相位对比和暗场成像技术,能同时对细胞成分和非生命物质纳米线进行观察。他们观察了数千次内皮细胞与纳米线的相互作用后发现,细胞膜能自我折叠后抓取纳米线,再将纳米线包裹在泡状细胞膜内,整个过程与免疫细胞吞噬细菌的“噬菌作用”完全相似。纳米线进入细胞后,会在细胞机器的作用下突然增速,冲破障碍到达细胞核附近储存起来。
他们还发现,之前能在血管壁形成天然生物屏障而阻止药物吸收的内皮细胞,这次能吸收96%的纳米线,这意味着硅纳米线有望成为潜力巨大的药物载体。他们准备改造纳米线,让其具有光敏感性,用光来控制细胞行为。另外,现有电刺激疗法只能对神经系统等人体较大部位进行治疗,而基于细胞吞噬纳米线的机制,有望开发出对特定细胞器进行精准电刺激的生物电疗法。
田博志团队还将对平滑肌、神经和心血管等细胞进行表面修饰,让这些曾将纳米线“拒之门外”的细胞也能“吞噬”纳米线。(记者聂翠蓉)
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