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日本福岛地震过去4年多 19万灾民仍未重返家园

2015-12-13 04:04:40   新京报

 每天2万日元招募除染工

这些除染工人大多数是从社会招募,虽然每天有2万日元左右的收入,但因为要冒着高辐射风险,召集除染工人难度极大。

虽然存在争议,地图上绿色及黄色的疏散区域仍在全力推进除染工作。

核电站泄漏事故发生后,在东京电力福岛第一核电站周边的11个市町村的避难区域内,由日本政府直接负责进行除染工作。日本环境省2012年1月公布了除污染目标,计划于2013年内完成除放射物质含量极高地区外的所有地区的除染工作。不过,这个计划一再被推迟。

每天早上6点多,福岛核辐射超标居住限制区的沉寂就会被打破,路上车辆越来越多,这些车辆搭载着成千上万的工作人员,散布到各个角落,进行除染工作。这些除染工人大多数是从社会招募,虽然每天有2万日元左右的收入,但因为要冒着高辐射风险,召集除染工人难度极大。

除染工人的任务就是去除核辐射性的污染,比如清洗住宅外部、庭院、道路,在田地和森林收集具有放射性物质的土壤并存放在软性集装袋内。他们还会将受污染的土壤挖去10厘米厚,再填上新土。

在这个过程中,最让人担忧的是污染物处理效果和民众的抵触。日本媒体调查显示,全国超过86%的市区町村地方自治体不愿接纳来自福岛地区的废墟堆。今年9月,有媒体爆料称装有福岛核事故去污核垃圾的大型储存袋因暴雨被冲入河流,虽然一些垃圾后来被找回,仍让人颇感担心。

相比处理污染物,更加近距离接触放射性物质的是福岛核电站工人。据悉,福岛核事故发生后,约4.5万名工人被派往危险区域处理善后事宜。今年,日本确认首例与危险工作相关的癌症病例。这名工人在福岛第一核电站工作的14个月期间遭受了15.7毫希沃特的辐射,已经是可以要求赔偿的辐射水平(一年5毫希沃特)的三倍。厚生劳动省宣布,被诊断出患有白血病的福岛工人有权获得赔偿。

据《纽约时报》报道,一些人批评东京电力公司为灾后清理工人提供的培训和保护措施都不到位,其中很多并非熟练工人,而是就近通过分包商和劳务经纪人雇来的。2013年政府对该站进行安全检查时,在抽查的工人记录中,有三分之一的工人的辐射暴露状况存在少报的情况,目前一些工人正就此事进行申诉。

为了重振外界对日本处理核事故的信心,9日,复兴相高木毅对福岛第一核电站进行上任后首次视察。高木毅表示:“福岛核电站的污水处理是一项困难的工作。”

污水处理是福岛核电站事故处理主要工作之一。由于福岛第一核电站发生事故后,地下水流入厂房,每天会产生300吨核污水,因此,为了控制核污水,东京电力公司制定计划,在厂房周边挖掘水井等抽取地下水,进行净化处理后排放大海。

2014年8月以后,东电曾试验性地首次抽取地下水并处理了大约4000吨,净化后的污水将排放大海。为了防止地下水直接流入大海,东京电力公司沿着福岛第一核电站的护岸堤往地下打入铁板。东京电力公司称这一系列措施可以让核污水的水量减少一半,降低对大海的污染。

东电的作法引发了一些担忧,为此,福岛县知事佐藤雄平坚持报废县内所有核电站反应堆。一些民众也拒绝回到家乡,他们认为在核辐射地区从事农牧作业十分危险。

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