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日本福岛地震过去4年多 19万灾民仍未重返家园

2015-12-13 04:04:40   新京报

复兴厅网站上每月都公布关于灾后重建进展的信息。“修复基础设施前,我们要做好瓦砾和废弃物清理工作。全面进行清理工作始于2012年,一年时间完成63%。之后,我们开始听取城市建设意见,2013年与当地居民达成基本协议,住房修复工作完成41%。另外,我们在一年内恢复了90%医疗设施,两年内完成92%教育设施恢复。”鲇泽良史介绍说。

目前,当地政府正在进行土地修复工程,对海水浸泡的土地进行深耕深翻,表面再覆盖新土。处理海啸垃圾的工作也在进行,宫城县第二大城市石卷市就有一处海啸废墟钢铁垃圾处理点,这个位于石卷市北山运河与太平洋之间的一处填海造就的开阔地上,汽车残骸、建筑金属构件、轮船残骸,堆积如山,面积足有一个足球场大小。

由于中心城区多位于沿海地带,石卷市灾后废墟多达616万吨,占整个宫城县废墟的4成,相当于石卷市平常106年产生的垃圾总量。靠石卷市自身消耗显然不可能,唯有得到全国其他城市的协助,才能缩短海啸垃圾处理周期。

政府返乡运动遇到抵制

当地政府在福岛第一核电站方圆20公里之内,以及核辐射量比较高的地区为灾民归家设立了避难指示区域。复兴厅提供数据显示,截至今年10月还有19万名灾民未能重返家园;今年11月,福岛县避难者人数为10.5万,避难指示区域人数为7万。

由于受到海啸冲击,仙台的恢复重建工作依然缓慢。但对于受到严重核辐射影响的福岛县而言,那里的恢复重建更加艰难。

3·11地震海啸使日本东北部一大片地区受核辐射影响,为了消除影响,并让民众回家,日本政府已发起一场规模巨大、代价高昂的清理运动,但很多疏散居民反对这一进程,抱怨政府没有询问他们的意见便作出决定。

今年9月,日本政府邀请楢叶町居民重返家园。日本对受福岛核事故影响区域展开为期几年的去污工作后,楢叶町成为首个允许居民返回的城镇。尽管如此,很多当地人表示,自己没有做好回去的准备。

当地政府在福岛第一核电站方圆20公里之内,以及核辐射量比较高的地区为灾民归家设立了避难指示区域。复兴厅提供数据显示,截至今年10月还有19万名灾民未能重返家园;今年11月,福岛县避难者人数为10.5万,避难指示区域人数为7万。

复兴厅资料地图上将避难指示区用红黄绿三色区分,浪江町、双叶町和大熊町仍是红色,一些地方随着时间推移已经逐渐变成黄色、绿色,直至解除限制的白色区域,楢叶町已经由年初的绿色变成白色。

鲇泽良史指着地图上的红色区域说:“这些地区可能是地震6年后也无法归家的地区,我们将之称为归还困难区。绿色的地区核辐射量已经开始下降,这些地区的居民估计地震6年后可以回到自己家里。”

今年6月12日,安倍政府采用新时间表,要求在未来两年加快清理步伐,集中力量清除污染,并首次为解除核电站附近大部分区域的疏散命令设定了明确的预定日期——2017年3月前,开放当前疏散区70%的区域,允许居民居住。这一区域指的是污染程度较低的区域,也就是地图上的绿色及黄色区域。

尽管一些居民对回家的机会感到兴奋,但很多人表示拒绝,他们反对政府的这项计划,因为那是企图迫使民众在放射水平依然远高于正常值的情况下回去。据《纽约时报》报道,一些民众认为,政府的冒险举动是为了实现政治利益,重启该国势力强大的核工业,或让全世界相信,东京足够安全,可以举办2020年奥运会。

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