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英研究称现代植物根部是逐步进化而来

2018-08-24 16:56:00    新华网

新华社伦敦8月23日电(记者张家伟)现代植物根部的一个标志性特征就是拥有分生组织,但零散的化石记录缺少根部分生组织的踪迹,这让许多人感到困惑。英国牛津大学日前发布一项新研究对此给出了答案:现代植物的根部是逐步发展进化而来的。

现代植物根部拥有分生组织,这是一种自我更新结构,顶端覆盖根冠,但这不是远古以来就是如此。牛津大学研究人员分析了具有4亿多年历史的“莱尼燧石层”,其中包含了一些保存极为完好、目前已知最古老的陆地生态系统遗迹。莱尼燧石层发现于苏格兰阿伯丁郡。

研究人员检查样本后,发现了属于石松纲植物星木的根部分生组织的证据。现今以石松为代表的石松纲植物属维管植物,其谱系分化早于其他高等植物,如真叶植物。

研究人员针对分生组织化石建立了三维模型,结果发现,星木的分生组织缺少根毛和根冠,它是由一层连续的表皮组织覆盖。这在维管植物中是很独特的。

研究人员认为,星木的根部代表了现代维管植物根部演化的一个过渡形态。鉴于无根冠过渡结构已出现在石松纲植物中,这就印证了一种观点,即在石松纲植物和真叶植物中,包含根冠的根部分别从它们共同的无根祖先进化而来。

报告作者之一、牛津大学的利亚姆·多兰教授说,这项研究表明,植物器官是在长久的进化中一步一步形成的。植物根部进化对地球来说非常重要,原因是这大幅减少了大气中的碳。新发现有助进一步了解植物根部的真正起源。

研究成果已刊登在新一期英国《自然》杂志上。

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